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NewMarsWiki - User contributions [en]
2024-03-29T07:36:19Z
User contributions
MediaWiki 1.29.1
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=Talk:New_Mars_Direct&diff=733
Talk:New Mars Direct
2009-04-26T13:06:39Z
<p>Josh Cryer: </p>
<hr />
<div>What is the nature of this collaborative effort? - [[User:Manofmars|Manofmars]] 12:41, 23 April 2009 (UTC)<br />
<br />
It's currently a few topics on the Newmars forum. These discussions can be found here[http://www.newmars.com/forums/viewforum.php?f=56]. [[User:Jumpboy11j|Jumpboy11j]] 02:22, 26 April 2009 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:jumpboy11j, I like the small changes you've made so far, good descriptio!. [[User:Josh Cryer|Josh Cryer]] 13:06, 26 April 2009 (UTC)<br />
<br />
Yeah, it's still being worked out. But please feel free to join the New Mars Direct forum on the forums (you have to join the usergroup to be able to post), and also feel free to edit this page with updates. [[User:Josh Cryer|Josh Cryer]] 03:01, 26 April 2009 (UTC)</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=Talk:New_Mars_Direct&diff=732
Talk:New Mars Direct
2009-04-26T03:01:13Z
<p>Josh Cryer: </p>
<hr />
<div>What is the nature of this collaborative effort? - [[User:Manofmars|Manofmars]] 12:41, 23 April 2009 (UTC)<br />
<br />
It's currently a few topics on the Newmars forum. These discussions can be found here[http://www.newmars.com/forums/viewforum.php?f=56]. [[User:Jumpboy11j|Jumpboy11j]] 02:22, 26 April 2009 (UTC)<br />
<br />
Yeah, it's still being worked out. But please feel free to join the New Mars Direct forum on the forums (you have to join the usergroup to be able to post), and also feel free to edit this page with updates. [[User:Josh Cryer|Josh Cryer]] 03:01, 26 April 2009 (UTC)</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=Help:Editing&diff=727
Help:Editing
2009-04-26T02:25:49Z
<p>Josh Cryer: New page: This website is a wiki, meaning that anyone can easily edit any unprotected page and save those changes immediately to that page, making the alterations visible to every other reader. Thou...</p>
<hr />
<div>This website is a wiki, meaning that anyone can easily edit any unprotected page and save those changes immediately to that page, making the alterations visible to every other reader. Though you do need to register to the New Mars Forums to do this. After your first edit, you will be a New Mars Editor! <!-- Comment Good luck with your first edit. --><br />
<br />
===Introduction===<br />
Editing most Wikipedia pages is easy. Simply click on the "'''edit this page'''" tab at the top of a Wikipedia page (or on a [[Wikipedia: Section|section-edit link]]). This will bring you to a new page with a text box containing the editable text of the original page. If you add information to a page, [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|please provide references]], as [[Wikipedia:Verifiability|unreferenced facts are subject to removal]]. When you are finished with an edit, you should write a short [[Help:Edit summary|edit summary]] in the small field below the edit-box. You may use shorthand to describe your changes, as described in the [[Wikipedia:Edit_summary_legend|legend]]. To see how the page looks with your edits, press the "'''Show preview'''" button. To see the differences between the page with your edits and the previous version of the page, press the "'''Show changes'''" button. If you're satisfied with what you see, [[Wikipedia:Be bold|be bold]] and press the "'''Save page'''" button. Your changes will immediately be visible to all Wikipedia users.<br />
<br clear=all><br />
You can also click on the "'''Discussion'''" tab to see the corresponding talk page, which contains comments about the page from other Wikipedia users. Click on the "new section" tab to start a new section, or edit the page in the same way as an article page.<br />
<br />
You should also remember to sign your messages on talk pages and some special-purpose project pages with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>), but you should '''not''' sign edits you make to regular articles. In page history, the MediaWiki software automatically keeps track of which user makes each change.<br />
<br />
==Minor edits==<br />
A check to the "minor edit" box signifies that only superficial differences exist between the version with your edit and the previous version: typo corrections, formatting and presentational changes, rearranging of text without modifying content, etc. A ''minor edit'' is a version that the editor believes requires no review and could never be the subject of a dispute. The "minor edit" option is one of several options available only to registered users.<br />
<br />
==Major edits==<br />
All editors are encouraged to be bold, but there are several things that a user can do to ensure that major edits are performed smoothly. Before engaging in a major edit, a user should consider discussing proposed changes on the article discussion/talk page. Once the edit has been completed, the inclusion of an edit summary will assist in documenting the changes. These steps will all help to ensure that major edits are well received by the Wikipedia community.<br />
<br />
A major edit should be reviewed to confirm that it is consensual to all concerned editors. Therefore, any change that affects the ''meaning'' of an article is major (not minor), even if the edit is a single word.<br />
<br />
There are no necessary terms to which you have to agree when doing major edits, but the recommendations above have become best practice. If you do it your own way, the likelihood of your edits being reedited may be higher.<br />
<br />
==Wiki markup==<br />
The '''wiki markup''' is the syntax system you can use to format a Wikipedia page; please see [[Help:Editing|Editing]] for details on it.<br />
<br />
===Links and URLs===<br />
The anchor element, <code><a></code>, is not allowed. The following is used instead: <code><nowiki>[[ ]], [ ], ~~~~, ~~~, http, ISBN, RFC & {{ }}</nowiki></code>. See the table below.<br />
{|<br />
|<br />
*[[#emph|Article link]]<br />
<br />
*[[#renamedlink|Renamed link]]<br />
<br />
*[[#blendlink|Blend link]]<br />
<br />
*[[#otherpagelink|Other page link]]<br />
<br />
*[[#link-to-section|Section link]]<br />
<br />
*[[#examplerenamedlinks|Example renamed links]]<br />
<br />
*[[#createpagelink|Create page link]]<br />
<br />
*[[#navigationlinks|Navigation links]]<br />
<br />
*[[#signingcomments|Signing comments]]<br />
<br />
*[[#redirects|Redirects]]<br />
<br />
*[[#wikimedialink|Wikimedia link]]<br />
||<br />
*[[#linkedandwhy|Linked and why]]<br />
<br />
*[[#useredits|User edits]]<br />
<br />
*[[#categorize|Categorize]]<br />
<br />
*[[#categorypagelink|Category page link]]<br />
<br />
*[[#link-external|External links]]<br />
<br />
*[[#wikimediatextlink|Wikimedia text link]]<br />
<br />
*[[#booksources|Book sources]]<br />
<br />
*[[#rfcnumber|RFC number]]<br />
<br />
*[[#asoftag|“As of” tag]]<br />
<br />
*[[#medialink|Media link]]<br />
<br />
*[[#editlinks|Edit links]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="2" width=”100%” align="center" style="background:#f5faff; border:#cedff2"<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
! width=“50%”|What it looks like<br />
! width=“50%”|What you type<br />
|- id="emph" valign="top"<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
London has [[public transport]]. (Article link)<br />
<br />
* A link to another Wiki article.<br />
* Internally, the first letter of the target page is automatically capitalized and spaces are represented as underscores (typing an underscore in the link has the same effect as typing a space, but is not recommended).<br />
* Thus the link above is to the [[Uniform Resource Locator|URL]] en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transport, which is the Wikipedia article with the name "Public transport". See also [[Wikipedia:Canonicalization|Canonicalization]].<br />
| width=“50%” valign="top"|<br />
<code><nowiki>London has [[public transport]].</nowiki></code><br />
|- id="renamedlink" valign="top"<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
San Francisco also has [[public transport|public transportation]]. (Renamed link)<br />
<br />
* Same target, different name.<br />
* The target ("piped") text must be placed '''first''', then the text to be displayed, '''second'''.<br />
| width=“50%” valign="top"|<br />
<code><nowiki>San Francisco also has [[public transport|public transportation]].</nowiki></code><br />
|- id="blendlink" valign="top"<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
San Francisco also has<br />
[[public transport]]ation. (Blend link)<br />
<br />
Examples include [[bus]]es, [[taxicab]]s,<br />
and [[tram]]s.<br />
<br />
* Endings are blended into the link.<br />
**''Exception'': a trailing [[apostrophe]] (') and any characters following the apostrophe are ''not'' blended.<br />
* Preferred style is to use this instead of a piped link, if possible.<br />
* Blending can be suppressed by using <nowiki><nowiki></nowiki></nowiki> tags, which may be desirable in some instances. Example: a [[micro-]]<nowiki>second</nowiki>.<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
<code><nowiki>San Francisco also has<br />
[[public transport]]ation.</nowiki></code><br />
<br />
<code><nowiki>Examples include [[bus]]es,<br />
[[taxicab]]s, and [[tram]]s.</nowiki></code><br />
<br />
<code><nowiki>a [[micro-]]<nowiki>second</nowiki></nowiki></code><br />
|- id="otherpagelink" valign="top"<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
<br />
See the [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style]]. (Other page link)<br />
<br />
* A link to another [[Help:namespace|namespace]].<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
<br />
<code><nowiki>See the [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style]].</nowiki></code><br />
|- id="link-to-section" valign="top"<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Italics]] is a '''link to a section''' within another page.<br />
<br />
[[#Links and URLs]] is a link to another section on the current page.<br />
<br />
[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Italics|Italics]] is a piped link to a section within another page.<br />
<br />
* The part after the number sign (#) must match a section heading on the page. Matches must be exact in terms of spelling, case, and punctuation. Links to non-existent sections are not broken; they are treated as links to the top of the page.<br />
* Include "| link title" to create a stylish (piped) link title.<br />
<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
<code><nowiki>[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Italics]] is a link to a section within another page.</nowiki></code><br />
<br />
<code><nowiki>[[#Links and URLs]] is a link to another section on the current page.</nowiki></code><br />
<br />
<br />
<code><nowiki>[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Italics|Italics]] is a piped link to a section within another page.</nowiki></code><br />
|- id="examplerenamedlinks" valign="top"<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
(Example renamed links)<br />
<br />
Automatically hide stuff in parentheses:<br />
[[kingdom (biology)|kingdom]].<br />
<br />
Automatically hide namespace:<br />
[[Wikipedia:Village pump|Village pump]]. <br />
<br />
Or both:<br />
[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]]<br />
<br />
But not:<br />
[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Links|]]<br />
* The server fills in the part after the pipe character (|) when you save the page. The next time you open the edit box you will see the expanded piped link. When [[Help:Show preview|previewing]] your edits, you will not see the expanded form until you press '''Save''' and '''Edit''' again. The same applies to links to sections within the same page ([[#link-to-section|see previous entry]]).<br />
* See [[Help:Pipe trick|Pipe trick]] for details.<br />
<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
<code><nowiki>Automatically hide stuff in parentheses: [[kingdom (biology)|]].</nowiki></code><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<code><nowiki>Automatically hide namespace: [[Wikipedia:Village pump|]].</nowiki></code><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<code><nowiki>Or both:[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (headings)|]]</nowiki></code><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<code><nowiki>But not:[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Links|]]</nowiki></code><br />
|- id="createpagelink" valign="top"<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
(Create page link)<br />
<br />
Links to pages that don’t exist yet look red:<br />
{{Wikipedia:Community portal/Opentask/Requested articles}} <br />
<br />
* You can create it by clicking on the link.<br />
* To create a new page: <br />
*# Create a link to it on some other (related) page.<br />
*# Save that page.<br />
*# Click on the link you just made. The new page will open for editing.<br />
* For more information, see [[Wikipedia:Starting an article|starting an article]] and check out Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:Naming conventions|naming conventions]].<br />
* Please do not create a new article without linking to it from at least one other article.<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
<code><nowiki>[[Name of page that does not exist yet]] is a red link.</nowiki></code><br />
|- id="navigationlinks" valign="top"<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
(Navigation links)<br />
<br />
[[Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] is a link to this page.<br />
<br />
* [[Help:Self link|Self links]] appear as bold text when the article is viewed.<br />
* Do not use this technique to make the article name bold in the first paragraph; see [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Article titles|Article titles]].<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
<code><nowiki>[[Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] is a link to this page.</nowiki></code><br />
|- id="signingcomments" valign="top"<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
(Signing comments)<br />
<br />
The character '''tilde''' (~) is used when adding a comment to a Talk page. <br />
You should sign your comment by appending four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>)<br />
to the comment so as to add your user name plus date/time:<br />
: [[User:Patricia|Patricia Zhang]] 13:40, Jan 14, 2007 (UTC)<br />
Adding three tildes (<nowiki>~~~</nowiki>) will add just your user name:<br />
: [[User:Patricia|Patricia Zhang]]<br />
and adding five tildes (<nowiki>~~~~~</nowiki>) gives the date/time alone:<br />
: 13:40, Jan 14, 2007 (UTC)<br />
<br />
* The first two both provide a link to your [[Wikipedia:user page|user page]].<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
<code><nowiki>The character '''tilde''' (~) is used when adding a comment to a Talk page. You should sign your comment by appending four tildes (~~~~) to the comment so as to add your user name plus date/time: </nowiki></code><br /><br />
<code><nowiki>:~~~~</nowiki></code><br /><br />
<code><nowiki>Adding three tildes (~~~) will add just your user name:</nowiki></code><br /><br />
<code><nowiki>: ~~~</nowiki></code><br /><br />
<code><nowiki>and adding five tildes (~~~~~) gives the date/time alone:</nowiki></code><br /><br />
<code><nowiki>: ~~~~~</nowiki></code><br /><br />
|- id="redirects" valign="top"<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
(Redirects)<br />
<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Redirect|Redirect]] one article title to another by placing a directive like the one shown to the right on the ''first'' line of the article (such as at a page titled "[[USA]]").<br />
* It is possible to redirect to a section. For example, a redirect to [[United States#History]] will redirect to the History section of the [[United States]] page, if it exists.<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
<code><nowiki>#REDIRECT [[United States]] </nowiki></code><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<code><nowiki>#REDIRECT [[United States#History]] will redirect to the [[United States]] page, to the History section, if it exists</nowiki></code><br />
|- id="wikimedialink" valign="top"<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
(Wikimedia link)<br />
<br />
To connect, via interwiki link, to a page on the same subject in another language, put a link of the form: <nowiki>[[language code:Title]]</nowiki> near the bottom of the article.<br />
For example, in article "[[Plankton]]", which is available on a lot of other wikis, the interwiki link to the [[German Wikipedia]] looks like:<br />
:<tt><nowiki>[[de:Plankton]]</nowiki></tt><br />
where the "de" is the language-code for ''"Deutsch"'' (the [[German language]]).<br />
* It is recommended interwiki links be placed at the very end of the article.<br />
* Interwiki links are not visible within the formatted article but, instead, appear as language links on the extreme left-margin column of a Wikipedia page (under menu section "languages").<br />
* Please see [[Help:Interlanguage links|Interlanguage links]] and the [[Wikipedia:Complete list of language wikis available|Complete list of language wikis available]].<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
<code><nowiki><br />
[[de:Plankton]]<br />
[[es:Plancton]]<br />
[[ru:Планктон]]<br />
[[simple:Plankton]]<br />
</nowiki></code><br />
|- id="linkedandwhy" valign="top"<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
(Linked and why)<br />
<br />
'''What links here''' and '''Related changes'''<br />
pages can be linked as:<br /><br />
[[Special: Whatlinkshere/Wikipedia: How to edit a page]]<br />
and<br />
[[Special: Recentchangeslinked/Wikipedia: How to edit a page]]<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
<nowiki>'''What links here'''</nowiki> and <nowiki>'''Related changes'''</nowiki><br />
pages can be linked as:<br /><br />
<code><br />
[[Special: <br />
WhatLinkshere/Wikipedia: How to edit a page]]<br />
and<br /><br />
[[Special: <br />
RecentChangeslinked/ Wikipedia: How to edit a page]]<br />
</code><br />
|- id="useredits" valign="top"<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
(User edits)<br />
<br />
A user's '''Contributions''' page can be linked as:<br />
[[Special:Contributions/UserName]]<br />
or<br />
[[Special:Contributions/192.0.2.0]]<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
<code><nowiki>A user's '''Contributions''' page can be linked as: [[Special:Contributions/UserName]] or [[Special:Contributions/192.0.2.0]]</nowiki></code><br />
|- id="categorize" valign="top"<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
(Categorize)<br />
<br />
* To put an article in a [[Wikipedia:Categorization|category]], place a link like the one to the right anywhere in the article. As with interlanguage links, it does not matter where you put these links while editing as they will always show up in the same place when you save the page, but placement at the end of the edit box is recommended.<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
<code><nowiki>[[Category:Character sets]]</nowiki></code><br />
|- id="categorypagelink" valign="top"<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
(Category page link)<br />
* To ''link'' to a [[Wikipedia:Categorization|category]] page without putting the article into the category, use a colon prefix (":Category") in the link. The formatted text link will appear as: [[:Category:Character sets]].<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
<code><nowiki>[[:Category:Character sets]]</nowiki></code><br />
|- id="link-external" valign="top"<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
(External links)<br />
<br />
Three ways to link to external (non-wiki) sources:<br />
# Bare URL: http://www.wikipedia.org/ (bad style)<br />
# Unnamed link: [http://www.wikipedia.org/] (only used within article body for footnotes)<br />
# Named link: [http://www.wikipedia.org/ Wikipedia]<br />
<br />
:See [[meta:interwiki map]] for the list of shortcuts.<br />
<br />
* Square brackets indicate an external link. Note the use of a ''space'' (not a pipe) to separate the URL from the link text in the "named" version.<br />
* In the [[Uniform Resource Locator|URL]], all symbols must be among:<br/>'''A-Z a-z 0-9 . _ \ / ~ % - + & # ? ! = ( ) @'''<br />
* If a URL contains a character not in this list, it should be encoded by using a percent sign (%) followed by the [[hexadecimal|hex]] code of the character, which can be found in the table of [[ASCII#ASCII printable characters|ASCII printable characters]]. For example, the caret character (^) would be encoded in a URL as '''%5E'''.<br />
* If the "named" version contains a closing square bracket "]", then you must use the [[HTML]] special character syntax, i.e. '''&amp;#93;''' otherwise the [[MediaWiki]] software will prematurely interpret this as the end of the external link.<br />
* There is a class that can be used to remove the arrow image from the external link. It is used in [[Template:Ref]] to stop the URL from expanding during printing. It should '''never''' be used in the main body of an article. However, there is an exception: wikilinks in Image markup. An example of the markup is as follows:<br />
** Markup: <nowiki><span<br />
class="plainlinksneverexpand"><br />
[http://www.sysinternals.com/<br />
ntw2k/freeware/winobj.shtml WinObj]</span></nowiki><br />
** Display: <span class="plainlinksneverexpand"> [http://www.sysinternals.com/ntw2k/freeware/winobj.shtml WinObj]</span><br />
* See [[Wikipedia:External links|External links]] for style issues.<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
<code><nowiki>Three ways to link to external (non-wiki) sources:</nowiki></code><br /><br />
<code><nowiki># Bare URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/ (bad style)</nowiki></code><br /><br />
<code><nowiki># Unnamed link: [http://en.wikipedia.org/] (only used within article body for footnotes)</nowiki></code><br /><br />
<code><nowiki># Named link: [http://en.wikipedia.org Wikipedia]</nowiki></code><br /><br />
|- id="wikimediatextlink" valign="top"<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
(Wikimedia text link)<br />
<br />
Linking to other wikis:<br />
# [[InterWiki]] link: [[Wiktionary:Hello]]<br />
# Interwiki link without prefix: [[Wiktionary:Hello|Hello]]<br />
# Named interwiki link: [[Wiktionary:Hello|Wiktionary definition of 'Hello']]<br />
<br />
* All of these forms lead to the URL http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hello<br />
* Note that interwiki links use the ''internal'' link style.<br />
* See [[MetaWikiPedia:Interwiki_map]] for the list of shortcuts; if the site you want to link to is not on the list, use an external link ([[#link-external|see above]]).<br />
* See also [[Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects|Wikimedia sister projects]].<br />
<br />
Linking to another language's wiktionary:<br />
# [[Wiktionary:fr:bonjour]]<br />
# [[Wiktionary:fr:bonjour|bonjour]]<br />
# [[Wiktionary:fr:bonjour|fr:bonjour]]<br />
<br />
* All of these forms lead to the URL http://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/bonjour<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
<code><nowiki>Linking to other wikis:</nowiki></code><br /><br />
<code><nowiki># [[InterWiki]] link: [[Wiktionary:Hello]]</nowiki></code><br /><br />
<code><nowiki># Interwiki link without prefix: [[Wiktionary:Hello|]]</nowiki></code><br /><br />
<code><nowiki># Named interwiki link: [[Wiktionary:Hello|Wiktionary definition of 'Hello']] </nowiki></code><br /><br />
<br />
<code><nowiki>Linking to another language's wiktionary:</nowiki></code><br /><br />
<br />
<code><nowiki># [[Wiktionary:fr:bonjour]]</nowiki></code><br /><br />
<code><nowiki># [[Wiktionary:fr:bonjour|bonjour]]</nowiki></code><br /><br />
<code><nowiki># [[Wiktionary:fr:bonjour|]]</nowiki></code><br /><br />
|- id="booksources" valign="top"<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
(Book sources)<br />
<br />
ISBN 012345678X<br />
<br />
ISBN 0-12-345678-X<br />
<br />
* Link to books using their [[Wikipedia:ISBN|ISBN]]. This is preferred to linking to a specific online bookstore, because it gives the reader a choice of vendors. However, if one bookstore or online service provides additional free information, such as table of contents or excerpts from the text, then a link to that source will aid the user and is recommended.<br />
* ISBN links do not need any extra markup, provided you use one of the indicated formats.<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
<code><nowiki>ISBN 012345678X</nowiki></code><br />
<br />
<code><nowiki>ISBN 0-12-345678-X</nowiki></code><br />
|- id="rfcnumber" valign="top"<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
(RFC number)<br />
<br />
Text mentioning an RFC number anywhere, e.g. RFC 4321.<br />
<br />
* Link to [[Internet Engineering Task Force]] [[Request for Comments|Request for Comments (RFCs)]].<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
<code><nowiki>Text mentioning an RFC number anywhere, e.g. RFC 4321.</nowiki></code><br />
|- id="asoftag" valign="top"<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
(“As of” tag)<br />
<br />
“[[WP:As of|As of]]” tags like "As of April 2009" and "as of April 2009" categorize info that will need updating.<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
<code><nowiki>“[[WP:As of|As of]]” tags like "{{As of|2009|4|df=us}}" and "{{As of|2009|4|df=us|lc=on}}" categorize info that will need updating.</nowiki></code><br />
|- id="medialink" valign="top"<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
(Media link)<br />
<br />
[[media:Classical guitar scale.ogg|Sound]]<br />
<br />
*To include links to non image uploads such as sounds, use a "media" link. For images, [[#Images|see next section]].<br />
<br />
Some uploaded sounds are listed at [[Commons:Sound]].<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
<code><nowiki>[[media:Classical guitar scale.ogg|Sound]]</nowiki></code><br />
|- id="editlinks" valign="top"<br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
(Edit links)<br />
<br />
Link directly to '''edit''' for an existing page, or apply other link attributes. <br />
* use <nowiki>{{fullurl:}}</nowiki> <br />
* or use [[template:edit|<nowiki>{{template:edit}}</nowiki>]] which conceals the edit label for page printing <br />
| width=“50%”|<br />
<code><nowiki>{{fullurl:page name|action=edit}}</nowiki></code><br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Images===<br />
Only images that have been uploaded to Wikipedia can be used. To upload images, use the [[Special:Upload|upload page]]. You can find the uploaded image on the [[Special:Imagelist|image list]].<br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"<br />
|-<br />
! What it looks like<br />
! What you type<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|A picture: <br />
[[Image:wiki.png]]<br />
|<pre>A picture: <br />
<nowiki>[[Image:wiki.png]]</nowiki></pre><br />
<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|With alternative text:<br />
[[Image:wiki.png|Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.]]<br />
|<pre>With alternative text:<br />
<nowiki>[[Image:wiki.png|Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.]]</nowiki></pre><br />
* Alternative text, used when the image is unavailable or when the image is loaded in a text-only browser, or when spoken aloud, is '''strongly''' encouraged. See [[Wikipedia:Alternative text for images|Alternative text for images]] for help on choosing it.<br />
<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|Floating to the right side of the page using the ''frame'' attribute and a caption:<br />
[[Image:wiki.png|frame|Wikipedia Encyclopedia]]<br clear=all><br />
|<pre>Floating to the right side of the page <br />
using the ''frame'' attribute and a caption:<br />
<nowiki>[[Image:wiki.png|frame|Wikipedia Encyclopedia]]</nowiki></pre><br />
* The frame tag automatically floats the image right.<br />
* The caption is also used as alternate text.<br />
<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|Floating to the right side of the page using the ''thumb'' attribute and a caption:<br />
[[Image:wiki.png|thumb|Wikipedia Encyclopedia]]<br clear=all><br />
|<pre>Floating to the right side of the page <br />
using the ''thumb'' attribute and a caption:<br />
<nowiki>[[Image:wiki.png|thumb|Wikipedia Encyclopedia]]</nowiki></pre><br />
* The thumb tag automatically floats the image right.<br />
* The caption is also used as alternate text.<br />
* An enlarge icon is placed in the lower right corner.<br />
<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|Floating to the right side of the page ''without'' a caption:<br />
[[Image:wiki.png|right|Wikipedia Encyclopedia]]<br />
|<pre>Floating to the right side of the page<br />
''without'' a caption:<br />
<nowiki>[[Image:wiki.png|right|Wikipedia Encyclopedia]]</nowiki></pre><br />
* The help topic on [[Wikipedia:Extended image syntax|extended image syntax]] explains more options.<br />
<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|A picture resized to 30 pixels...<br />
[[Image:wiki.png|30 px]]<br />
|<pre>A picture resized to 30 pixels...<br />
<nowiki>[[Image:wiki.png|30 px]]</nowiki></pre><br />
* The help topic on [[Wikipedia:Extended image syntax|extended image syntax]] explains more options.<br />
<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|Linking directly to the description page of an image:<br />
[[:Image:wiki.png]]<br />
|<pre>Linking directly to the description page<br />
of an image:<br />
<nowiki>[[:Image:wiki.png]]</nowiki></pre><br />
* Clicking on an image displayed on a page<br />
(such as any of the ones above)<br />
also leads to the description page<br />
<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|Linking directly to an image without displaying it:<br />
[[:Image:wiki.png|Image of the jigsaw globe logo]]<br />
|<pre>Linking directly to an image<br />
without displaying it:<br />
<nowiki>[[:media:wiki.png|Image of the jigsaw globe logo]]</nowiki></pre><br />
* To include links to images shown as links instead of drawn on the page, use a "media" link.<br />
<br />
|- valign="top" <br />
|Using the [[Span and div|span and div tag]] to separate images from text (note that this may allow images to cover text):<br />
|<pre><nowiki>Example:<br />
<div style="display:inline;<br />
width:220px; float:right;"><br />
Place images here </div></nowiki></pre><br />
<br />
|- valign="top" <br />
|Using wiki markup to make a table in which to place a vertical column of images (this helps edit links match headers, especially in Firefox browsers): <br />
|<pre><nowiki>Example: {| align=right<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
Place images here<br />
|}<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
See the Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:Image use policy|image use policy]] as a guideline used on Wikipedia.<br />
<br />
For further help on images, including some more versatile abilities, see the topic on [[Wikipedia:Extended image syntax|Extended image syntax]].<br />
<br />
===Headings===<br />
<br />
For a top-level heading, put it on a separate line surrounded by '=='. For example:<br />
<br />
== Introduction ==<br />
<br />
Subheadings use '===', '====', and so on.<br />
<br />
===Character formatting===<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
! What it looks like<br />
! What you type<br />
|- id="emph" valign="top"<br />
|<br />
''Italicized text''<br />'''Bold text'''<br />'''''Italicized & Bold text'''''<br />
|<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
''Italicized text''<br />
'''Bold text'''<br />
'''''Italicized & Bold text'''''<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|<br />
[http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:SyntaxHighlight_GeSHi Syntax highlighting] for source code.<br />
<br />
Computer code has a colored background<br />
and more stringent formatting. Suppose we<br />
want to define <code>int main()</code>:<br />
<source lang=cpp>#include <iostream><br />
int main ( int argc, char **argv ) {<br />
std::cout << "Hello World!";<br />
return 0;<br />
}</source><br />
|<br />
Computer code has a colored background<br />
and more stringent formatting. Suppose we<br />
want to define <code>int main()</code>:<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
<source lang=cpp>#include <iostream><br />
int main ( int argc, char **argv ) {<br />
std::cout << "Hello World!";<br />
return 0;<br />
}</source><br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
|- valign=top<br />
|<br />
You can use <small>small text</small> for captions.<br />
|<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
You can use <small>small text</small> for captions.<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|<br />
Better stay away from <big>big text</big>, unless<br />
<small> it's <big>within</big> small</small> text. <br />
|<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
Better stay away from <big>big text</big>, unless<br />
<small> it's <big>within</big> small</small> text.<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|<br />
You can <s>strike out deleted material</s><br />
and <u>underline new material</u>.<br />
<br />
You can also mark <del>deleted material</del> and<br />
<ins>inserted material</ins> using logical markup.<br />
For backwards compatibility better combine this<br />
potentially ignored new <del>logical</del> with <br />
the old <s><del>physical</del></s> markup.<br />
<br />
* When editing regular Wikipedia articles, just make your changes and do not mark them up in any special way.<br />
* When editing your own previous remarks in talk pages, it is sometimes appropriate to mark up deleted or inserted material.<br />
|<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
You can <s>strike out deleted material</s><br />
and <u>underline new material</u>.<br />
<br />
You can also mark <del>deleted material</del> and<br />
<ins>inserted material</ins> using logical markup.<br />
For backwards compatibility better combine this<br />
potentially ignored new <del>logical</del> with<br />
the old <s><del>physical</del></s> markup.<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|<br />
'''Suppressing interpretation of markup:'''<br />
<br/><br />
<nowiki>Link &rarr; (''to'') the [[Wikipedia FAQ]]</nowiki><br />
* Used to show literal data that would otherwise have special meaning.<br />
* Escape all wiki markup, including that which looks like HTML tags.<br />
* Does not escape HTML character references.<br />
* To escape HTML character references such as <tt>&amp;rarr;</tt> use <tt>&amp;amp;rarr;</tt><br />
|<br />
<br/><br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
&lt;nowiki>Link &amp;rarr; (''to'') <br />
the [[Wikipedia FAQ]]&lt;/nowiki><br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|<br />
'''Commenting page source:'''<br />
<br/><br />
''not shown when viewing page''<br />
* Used to leave comments in a page for future editors.<br />
* Note that most comments should go on the appropriate [[Wikipedia:Talk page|Talk page]].<br />
|<br />
<br/><br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
&lt;!-- comment here --><br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
|-<br />
|<br />
'''Extra spacing''' within text can best be achieved using the [[Template:Pad|pad]] template:<br />
<br />
Mary {{pad|4em}} had a little lamb.<br />
|<br />
<br /><br />
<pre><nowiki>Mary {{pad|4em}} had a little lamb.</nowiki></pre><br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|<br />
'''<span id="diacritics">Diacritical marks:</span>'''<br />
<br/><br />
À Á Â Ã Ä Å <br/><br />
Æ Ç È É Ê Ë <br/><br />
Ì Í<br />
Î Ï Ñ Ò <br/><br />
Ó Ô Õ<br />
Ö Ø Ù <br/><br />
Ú Û Ü ß<br />
à á <br/><br />
â ã ä å æ<br />
ç <br/><br />
è é ê ë ì í<br/><br />
î ï ñ ò ó ô <br/><br />
œ õ<br />
ö ø ù ú <br/><br />
û ü ÿ<br />
<br />
* See [[meta:Help:Special characters|special characters]].<br />
|<br />
<br/><br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
&amp;Agrave; &amp;Aacute; &amp;Acirc; &amp;Atilde; &amp;Auml; &amp;Aring; <br />
&amp;AElig; &amp;Ccedil; &amp;Egrave; &amp;Eacute; &amp;Ecirc; &amp;Euml; <br />
&amp;Igrave; &amp;Iacute; &amp;Icirc; &amp;Iuml; &amp;Ntilde; &amp;Ograve; <br />
&amp;Oacute; &amp;Ocirc; &amp;Otilde; &amp;Ouml; &amp;Oslash; &amp;Ugrave; <br />
&amp;Uacute; &amp;Ucirc; &amp;Uuml; &amp;szlig; &amp;agrave; &amp;aacute; <br />
&amp;acirc; &amp;atilde; &amp;auml; &amp;aring; &amp;aelig; &amp;ccedil; <br />
&amp;egrave; &amp;eacute; &amp;ecirc; &amp;euml; &amp;igrave; &amp;iacute;<br />
&amp;icirc; &amp;iuml; &amp;ntilde; &amp;ograve; &amp;oacute; &amp;ocirc; <br />
&amp;oelig; &amp;otilde; &amp;ouml; &amp;oslash; &amp;ugrave; &amp;uacute; <br />
&amp;ucirc; &amp;uuml; &amp;yuml;<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|<br />
'''Punctuation:'''<br />
<br/><br />
¿ ¡ § ¶<br/><br />
† ‡ • &ndash; &mdash;<br/><br />
‹ › « »<br/><br />
‘ ’ “ ”<br />
|<br />
<br/><br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
&amp;iquest; &amp;iexcl; &amp;sect; &amp;para;<br />
&amp;dagger; &amp;Dagger; &amp;bull; &amp;ndash; &amp;mdash;<br />
&amp;lsaquo; &amp;rsaquo; &amp;laquo; &amp;raquo;<br />
&amp;lsquo; &amp;rsquo; &amp;ldquo; &amp;rdquo;<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|<br />
'''Commercial symbols:'''<br />
<br/><br />
™ © ® ¢ € ¥<br/><br />
£ ¤<br />
|<br />
<br/><br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
&amp;trade; &amp;copy; &amp;reg; &amp;cent; &amp;euro; &amp;yen; <br />
&amp;pound; &amp;curren;<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|<br />
'''Subscripts:'''<br />
<br/><br />
x<sub>1</sub> x<sub>2</sub> x<sub>3</sub> or<br />
<br/><br />
x₀ x₁ x₂ x₃ x₄<br />
<br/><br />
x₅ x₆ x₇ x₈ x₉<br />
<br />
'''Superscripts:'''<br />
<br/><br />
x<sup>1</sup> x<sup >2</sup > x<sup >3</sup > or<br />
<br/><br />
x⁰ x¹ x² x³ x⁴<br />
<br/><br />
x⁵ x⁶ x⁷ x⁸ x⁹<br />
<br />
*The [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (mathematics)#Superscripts and subscripts|Manual of Style]] prefers the <nowiki>x<sub>1</sub></nowiki> format.<br />
*The latter methods of sub/superscripting cannot be used in the most general context, as they rely on Unicode support which may not be present on all users' machines. For the 1-2-3 superscripts, it is nevertheless preferred when possible (as with units of measurement) because most browsers have an easier time formatting lines with it.<br />
<br />
ε<sub>0</sub> =<br />
8.85 &times; 10<sup>&minus;12</sup><br />
C² / J m.<br />
<br />
1 [[hectare]] = [[1 E4 m&sup2;]]<br />
|<br />
<br/><br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
x<sub>1</sub> x<sub>2</sub> x<sub>3</sub> or<br />
<br/><br />
x&amp;#8320; x&amp;#8321; x&amp;#8322; x&amp;#8323; x&amp;#8324;<br />
<br/><br />
x&amp;#8325; x&amp;#8326; x&amp;#8327; x&amp;#8328; x&amp;#8329;<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
x<sup>1</sup> x<sup>2</sup> x<sup>3</sup> or<br />
<br/><br />
x&amp;#8304; x&amp;sup1; x&amp;sup2; x&amp;sup3; x&amp;#8308;<br />
<br/><br />
x&amp;#8309; x&amp;#8310; x&amp;#8311; x&amp;#8312; x&amp;#8313;<br />
<br />
&amp;epsilon;<sub>0</sub> =<br />
8.85 &amp;times; 10<sup>&amp;minus;12</sup><br />
C&amp;sup2; / J m.<br />
<br />
1 [[hectare]] = [[1 E4 m&amp;sup2;]]<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|<br />
'''Greek characters:'''<br />
<br/><br />
α β γ δ ε ζ<br/><br />
η θ ι κ λ μ ν<br/><br />
ξ ο π ρ σ ς<br/><br />
τ υ φ χ ψ ω<br/><br />
Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π<br/><br />
Σ Φ Ψ Ω<br />
|<br />
<br/><br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
&amp;alpha; &amp;beta; &amp;gamma; &amp;delta; &amp;epsilon; &amp;zeta; <br />
&amp;eta; &amp;theta; &amp;iota; &amp;kappa; &amp;lambda; &amp;mu; &amp;nu; <br />
&amp;xi; &amp;omicron; &amp;pi; &amp;rho; &amp;sigma; &amp;sigmaf;<br />
&amp;tau; &amp;upsilon; &amp;phi; &amp;chi; &amp;psi; &amp;omega;<br />
&amp;Gamma; &amp;Delta; &amp;Theta; &amp;Lambda; &amp;Xi; &amp;Pi; <br />
&amp;Sigma; &amp;Phi; &amp;Psi; &amp;Omega;<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|<br />
'''Mathematical characters:'''<br />
<br/><br />
∫ ∑ ∏ √ &minus; ± ∞<br/><br />
≈ ∝ ≡ ≠ ≤ ≥<br/><br />
&times; · ÷ ∂ &prime; &Prime;<br/><br />
∇ ‰ ° ∴ ℵ ø<br/><br />
∈ ∉ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇<br/><br />
¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀<br/><br />
⇒ ⇐ ⇓ ⇑ ⇔<br/><br />
→ ↓ ↑ ← ↔<br/><br />
* See also [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Mathematics|WikiProject Mathematics]] and [[TeX]].<br />
|<br />
<br/><br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
&amp;int; &amp;sum; &amp;prod; &amp;radic; &amp;minus; &amp;plusmn; &amp;infin;<br />
&amp;asymp; &amp;prop; &amp;equiv; &amp;ne; &amp;le; &amp;ge;<br />
&amp;times; &amp;middot; &amp;divide; &amp;part; &amp;prime; &amp;Prime;<br />
&amp;nabla; &amp;permil; &amp;deg; &amp;there4; &amp;alefsym; &amp;oslash;<br />
&amp;isin; &amp;notin; &amp;cap; &amp;cup; &amp;sub; &amp;sup; &amp;sube; &amp;supe;<br />
&amp;not; &amp;and; &amp;or; &amp;exist; &amp;forall; <br />
&amp;rArr; &amp;lArr; &amp;dArr; &amp;uArr; &amp;hArr;<br />
&amp;rarr; &amp;darr; &amp;uarr; &amp;larr; &amp;harr;<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|<br />
<math>\,\! \sin x + \ln y</math><br><br />
{{math|sin <VAR >x</VAR > + ln <VAR >y</VAR >}}<br />
<br />
<math>\mathbf{x} = \mathbf{0}</math><br><br />
{{math|<B >x</B > {{=}} <B >0</B >}}<br />
<br />
Ordinary text should use [[#emph|wiki markup for emphasis]], and should not use <code>&lt;i&gt;</code> or <code>&lt;b&gt;</code>. However, mathematical formulae often use italics, and sometimes use bold, for reasons unrelated to emphasis. Complex formulae should use [[Help:Displaying a formula|<code>&lt;math&gt;</code> markup]], and simple formulae may use <code>&lt;math&gt;</code> or <code >{{tl|math}}</code > with <code>&lt;i&gt;</code> and <code>&lt;b&gt;</code> or <code><nowiki>''</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>'''</nowiki></code>. Make sure to replace <CODE >=</CODE > with <CODE >{{tl|{{=}}}}</CODE >. <!-- According to [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Mathematics#Italicization and bolding|WikiProject Mathematics]], wiki markup is preferred over HTML markup like <code>&lt;i&gt;</code> and <code>&lt;b&gt;</code>. --><br />
|<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
<math>\,\! \sin x + \ln y</math><br><br />
{{math|sin <VAR >x</VAR > + ln <VAR >y</VAR >}}<br />
<br />
<math>\mathbf{x} = \mathbf{0}</math><br><br />
{{math|<B >x</B > {{=}} <B >0</B >}}<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|<br />
'''Spacing in simple math formulae:'''<br />
<br/><br />
Obviously, {{math|<VAR >x</VAR ><sup>2</sup>&nbsp;≥&nbsp;0}} is true when {{math|<VAR >x</VAR >}} is a real number.<br />
* To space things out without allowing line breaks to interrupt the formula, you can use non-breaking spaces: <code>&amp;nbsp;</code>. <br />
* However, even if you do not use non-breaking spaces, the <code >{{tl|math}}</code > template will prevent line breaks anyway; you can use <code >&lt;BR ></code > if you need an explicit line break inside a formula. <br />
|<br />
<br/><br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
Obviously, {{math|<VAR >x</VAR ><sup>2</sup>&nbsp;≥&nbsp;0}} is true when {{math|<VAR >x</VAR >}} is a real number.<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|<br />
'''Complicated formulae:'''<br />
<br/><br />
: <math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math><br />
* See [[Help:Displaying a formula]] for how to use <tt>&lt;math></tt>.<br />
* A formula displayed on a line by itself should probably be indented by using the colon (:) character.<br />
|<br />
<br/><br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
: <math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math><br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
|}<br />
''(see also: [[Chess symbols in Unicode]])''<br />
<br />
===No or limited formatting—showing exactly what is being typed===<br />
<br />
A few different kinds of formatting will tell the Wiki to display things as you typed them—what you see, is what you get!<br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"<br />
|-<br />
!What it looks like<br />
!What you type<br />
|-<br />
|'''&lt;nowiki&gt; tag:'''<br/><br />
<nowiki><br />
The nowiki tag ignores [[Wiki]] ''markup''.<br />
It reformats text by removing newlines and multiple spaces.<br />
It still interprets special characters: &rarr;<br />
</nowiki><br />
|<pre><nowiki><br />
&lt;nowiki&gt;<br />
The nowiki tag ignores [[Wiki]] ''markup''.<br />
It reformats text by removing newlines <br />
and multiple spaces.<br />
It still interprets special<br />
characters: &amp;rarr;<br />
&lt;/nowiki&gt;<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
|-<br />
|'''&lt;pre&gt; tag:'''</br><br />
<pre><br />
The pre tag ignores [[Wiki]] ''markup''.<br />
It also doesn't reformat text.<br />
It still interprets special characters: &rarr;<br />
</pre><br />
|<pre>&lt;pre&gt;<nowiki><br />
The pre tag ignores [[Wiki]] ''markup''.<br />
It also doesn't reformat text.<br />
It still interprets special characters:<br />
&amp;rarr;<br />
</nowiki>&lt;/pre&gt;</pre><br />
|-<br />
|'''Leading space:'''<br/><br />
Leading spaces are another way <br />
to preserve formatting.<br />
<br />
<br />
Putting a space at the beginning of each line<br />
stops the text from being reformatted. <br />
It still interprets [[Wiki]] ''markup'' and<br />
special characters: →<br />
|<pre><nowiki><br />
Leading spaces are another way <br />
to preserve formatting.<br />
Putting a space at the beginning of each line<br />
stops the text from being reformatted. <br />
It still interprets [[Wiki]] ''markup'' and<br />
special characters: &amp;rarr;<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Invisible text (comments)===<br />
{{main|Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Invisible comments}}<br />
It's uncommon, but on occasion acceptable, to add a hidden comment within the text of an article. <!-- This is an example of text that won't normally be visible except in "edit" mode. --> The format is this:<br />
<nowiki><!-- This is an example of text that won't normally be visible except in "edit" mode. --></nowiki><br />
<br />
=== Table of contents===<br />
<!-- ==== Placement of the Table of Contents (TOC) ==== --><br />
At the current status of the wiki markup language, having at least four headers on a page triggers the table of contents (TOC) to appear in front of the first header (or after introductory sections). Putting <nowiki>__TOC__</nowiki> anywhere forces the TOC to appear at that point (instead of just before the first header). Putting <nowiki>__NOTOC__</nowiki> anywhere forces the TOC to disappear. See also [[Wikipedia:Section#Compact_TOC|Compact TOC]] for alphabet and year headings.<br />
<!--<br />
THE TEXT BELOW IS COMMENTED OUT SINCE THE DESCRIBED TECHNIQUE <br />
DOESN'T WORK AFTER UPGRADING TO MEDIAWIKI 1.5<br />
<br />
====Keeping headings out of the Table of Contents====<br />
If you want some subheadings to not appear in the Table of Contents, then make the following replacements.<br />
<br />
Replace <nowiki> == Header 2 == with <h2> Header 2 </h2> </nowiki><br />
<br />
Replace <nowiki> === Header 3 === with <h3> Header 3 </h3> </nowiki><br />
<br />
And so forth.<br />
<br />
For example, notice that the following header has the same font as the other subheaders to this "Tables" section, but the following header does not appear in the Table of Contents for this page.<br />
<br />
<h4> This header has the h4 font, but is NOT in the Table of Contents (actually, it is)</h4><br />
<br />
This effect is obtained by the following line of code.<br />
<br />
<code><nowiki><h4> This header has the h4 font, but is not in the Table of Contents </h4></nowiki></code><br />
<br />
Note that when editing by section, this approach places the text between the tags in the subsequent section, not the previous section. To edit this text, click the edit link next to "Tables", not the one above.<br />
--><br />
<br />
===Tables===<br />
There are two ways to build tables: <br />
*in special Wiki-markup (see [[Help:Table|Table]])<br />
*with the usual HTML elements: &lt;table&gt;, &lt;tr&gt;, &lt;td&gt; or &lt;th&gt;.<br />
<br />
For the latter, and a discussion on when tables are appropriate, see [[Wikipedia:When to use tables|When to use tables]].<br />
<br />
===Variables===<br />
''(See also [[mw:help:magic_words|Variable]])''<br />
{| style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
! Code<br />
! Effect<br />
|-<br />
| <nowiki>{{CURRENTWEEK}}</nowiki> || {{CURRENTWEEK}}<br />
|-<br />
| <nowiki>{{CURRENTDOW}}</nowiki> || {{CURRENTDOW}}<br />
|-<br />
| <nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTH}}</nowiki> || {{CURRENTMONTH}}<br />
|-<br />
| <nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}</nowiki><br />
| {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}<br />
|-<br />
| <nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN}}</nowiki><br />
| {{CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN}}<br />
|-<br />
| <nowiki>{{CURRENTDAY}}</nowiki> || {{CURRENTDAY}}<br />
|-<br />
| <nowiki>{{CURRENTDAYNAME}}</nowiki> || {{CURRENTDAYNAME}}<br />
|-<br />
| <nowiki>{{CURRENTYEAR}}</nowiki> || {{CURRENTYEAR}}<br />
|-<br />
| <nowiki>{{CURRENTTIME}}</nowiki> || {{CURRENTTIME}}<br />
|-<br />
| <nowiki>{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}</nowiki><br />
| {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}<br />
|-<br />
| <nowiki>{{NUMBEROFUSERS}}</nowiki><br />
| {{NUMBEROFUSERS}}<br />
|-<br />
| <nowiki>{{PAGENAME}}</nowiki> || {{PAGENAME}}<br />
|-<br />
| <nowiki>{{NAMESPACE}}</nowiki> || {{NAMESPACE}}<br />
|-<br />
| <nowiki>{{REVISIONID}}</nowiki> || {{REVISIONID}}<br />
|-<br />
| <nowiki>{{localurl:pagename}}</nowiki><br />
| {{localurl:pagename}}<br />
|-<br />
| <nowiki>{{localurl:</nowiki>''Wikipedia:Sandbox''<nowiki>|action=edit}}</nowiki><br />
| {{localurl:Wikipedia:Sandbox|action=edit}}<br />
|-<br />
| <nowiki>{{fullurl:pagename}}</nowiki><br />
| {{fullurl:pagename}} <br />
|- <br />
| <nowiki>{{fullurl:pagename|</nowiki>''query_string''<nowiki>}}</nowiki><br />
| {{fullurl:pagename|query_string}} <br />
|- <br />
| <nowiki>{{SERVER}}</nowiki> || {{SERVER}}<br />
|-<br />
| <nowiki>{{ns:1}}</nowiki> || {{ns:1}}<br />
|-<br />
| <nowiki>{{ns:2}}</nowiki> || {{ns:2}}<br />
|-<br />
| <nowiki>{{ns:3}}</nowiki> || {{ns:3}}<br />
|-<br />
| <nowiki>{{ns:4}}</nowiki> || {{ns:4}}<br />
|-<br />
| <nowiki>{{ns:5}}</nowiki> || {{ns:5}}<br />
|-<br />
| <nowiki>{{ns:6}}</nowiki> || {{ns:6}}<br />
|-<br />
| <nowiki>{{ns:7}}</nowiki> || {{ns:7}}<br />
|-<br />
| <nowiki>{{ns:8}}</nowiki> || {{ns:8}}<br />
|-<br />
| <nowiki>{{ns:9}}</nowiki> || {{ns:9}}<br />
|-<br />
| <nowiki>{{ns:10}}</nowiki> || {{ns:10}}<br />
|-<br />
| <nowiki>{{ns:11}}</nowiki> || {{ns:11}}<br />
|-<br />
| <nowiki>{{ns:12}}</nowiki> || {{ns:12}}<br />
|-<br />
| <nowiki>{{ns:13}}</nowiki> || {{ns:13}}<br />
|-<br />
| <nowiki>{{ns:14}}</nowiki> || {{ns:14}}<br />
|-<br />
| <nowiki>{{ns:15}}</nowiki> || {{ns:15}}<br />
|-<br />
| <nowiki>{{SITENAME}}</nowiki> || {{SITENAME}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''NUMBEROFARTICLES''' is the number of pages in the main namespace which contain a link and are not a redirect, in other words number of articles, stubs containing a link, and disambiguation pages.<br />
<br />
'''CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN''' is the genitive (possessive) grammatical form of the month name, as used in some languages; '''CURRENTMONTHNAME''' is the nominative (subject) form, as usually seen in English.<br />
<br />
In languages where it makes a difference, you can use constructs like <nowiki>{{grammar:case|word}}</nowiki> to convert a word from the nominative case to some other case. For example, <nowiki>{{grammar:genitive|{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}}}</nowiki> means the same as <nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN}}</nowiki>. <!-- Is there a reference for this, other than the source code (for example, phase3/languages/Lnaguage*.php) ? --></div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=New_Mars_Direct&diff=724
New Mars Direct
2009-04-08T03:45:17Z
<p>Josh Cryer: </p>
<hr />
<div>{| border="1" style="float: center; clear: center; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"<br />
|-<br />
| [[Image:New_mars_direct.png]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
New Mars Direct is a collaborative effort to design one or more Mars Direct-style missions with the goal to design something that can work in the immediate future to get us to Mars as quickly as possible.<br />
<br />
Mars should be the next goal for human exploration. We have been to the moon, and it is not easily habitable. We must push out, further, to places that can make a home for human beings.<br />
<br />
As Carl Sagan said, months before he died, to future Martians:<br />
<br />
:"Maybe we're on Mars because we ''have'' to be, because there's a deep nomadic impulse built into us by the evolutionary process, we come after all, from hunter gatherers, and for 99.9% of our tenure on Earth we've ''been'' wanderers. And, ''the next place to wander to'', is Mars. But whatever the reason you're on Mars is, I'm glad you're there. And I wish I was with you."</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=New_Mars_Direct&diff=723
New Mars Direct
2009-04-08T03:33:41Z
<p>Josh Cryer: New page: Image:New_mars_direct.png New Mars Direct is a collaborative effort to design one or more Mars Direct-style missions with the goal to design something that can work in the immediate f...</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:New_mars_direct.png]]<br />
<br />
New Mars Direct is a collaborative effort to design one or more Mars Direct-style missions with the goal to design something that can work in the immediate future to get us to Mars as quickly as possible.<br />
<br />
Mars should be the next goal for human exploration. We have been to the moon, and it is not easily habitable. We must push out, further, to places that can make a home for human beings.<br />
<br />
As Carl Sagan said, months before he died, to future Martians:<br />
<br />
:"Maybe we're on Mars because we ''have'' to be, because there's a deep nomadic impulse built into us by the evolutionary process, we come after all, from hunter gatherers, and for 99.9% of our tenure on Earth we've ''been'' wanderers. And, ''the next place to wander to'', is Mars. But whatever the reason you're on Mars is, I'm glad you're there. And I wish I was with you."</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=File:New_mars_direct.png&diff=722
File:New mars direct.png
2009-04-08T03:29:56Z
<p>Josh Cryer: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=694
Main Page
2009-02-04T18:27:14Z
<p>Josh Cryer: </p>
<hr />
<div><center>[[Image:New_Mars_Logo.gif]]<br />
<br />
[http://www.newmars.com/forums/index.php <br>Check out the new mars forum]</center><br />
&nbsp; <br><br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="10" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"<br />
|-<br />
| '''The Velvet Voyage''' [http://www.newmars.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=1027&postdays=0&postorder=asc&start=240]<br><br />
<br><br />
Sail with winds that will never fail <br><br />
On voyage west towards suns farewell,<br><br />
Where shores unseen wait in the pale<br><br />
With light beyond the blackened swell,<br><br />
<br><br />
True star guide with slivered Moon<br><br />
Through sea foam sky in evening sigh,<br><br />
Midnight burn with heavenly tune<br><br />
Where waiting shores of Mars do lie.<br><br />
<br><br />
On ships of metal, men and hope<br><br />
Through depths unmeasured towards her coast,<br><br />
“A dream no more through telescope!”<br><br />
On waiting shores of Mars we toast.<br><br />
<br><br />
Journey seen through these dreaming eyes,<br><br />
Till dreams do sail through empty skies.<br><br />
<br><br />
:by [[Clark]] <br><br />
|-<br />
| '''The Journey of Conception'''<br><br />
<br><br />
Come all and explore <br><br />
Future and Past <br><br />
Ideas to last <br><br />
A Wiki like none Before <br><br />
<br><br />
The dream of Birth <br><br />
On a world of dirt <br><br />
Red to green earth <br><br />
With footprints we flirt <br><br />
<br><br />
A short stay is okay <br><br />
But better is one way <br><br />
From conception to birth <br><br />
Is a one way track from earth <br><br />
<br><br />
:by [[John Creighton]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== A Warm Welcome to the New Mars Wiki! ==<br />
<br />
The New Mars Wikipedia does not intend to become yet another bland Wikipedia ripoff. Instead, here you will not only find hard facts about Mars, but also various forms of [[fiction]], [[poetry]], [[philosophy]] and much much more.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
*About planet [[Mars]]<br />
<br />
*About [[Mars timekeeping]]<br />
<br />
*About the [[NewMars:Community_Portal|New Mars Community]]<br />
<br />
*About the [[Mars Society]]<br />
<br />
*About [[Mars Direct]]<br />
<br />
* [http://hablife.elwiki.com/index.php/Main_Page How to live at a Mars Analogue Research Station] (External Wiki.)<br />
<br />
*[[The Fundamentals of space Travel]]<br />
<br />
*About [[Orbital mechanics]]<br />
<br />
*About [[Space Terminology and Acronyms]]<br />
<br />
*List of [[Space Agencies]]<br />
<br />
*About [[Life Support Systems]]<br />
<br />
*List of [[Mars Events]]<br />
<br />
*Sources of [[sources | Online Information]]<br />
<br />
<br />
*Also, see our list of [[Special:Categories|Articles Arranged by Categories]]<br />
<br />
<br />
For contributors:<br />
*[[WikiUsage:Adding content|A Beginners Tutorial / manual]]<br />
<br />
*[[WikiUsage:Edit Guidelines & FAQ|Edit Guidelines & FAQ]]<br />
<br />
*[[Special:Wantedpages|Wanted Pages]]<br />
<br />
*You can also help by fleshing out some of the [[:Category:Stubs|Stub pages]] to turn them into full articles.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
Please see the [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_User%27s_Guide User's Guide] for usage and configuration help.</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=693
Main Page
2009-02-04T18:26:58Z
<p>Josh Cryer: changed link to main forums</p>
<hr />
<div><center>[[Image:New_Mars_Logo.gif]]<br />
<br />
[http://www.newmars.com/forums/index.php Check out the new mars forum]</center><br />
&nbsp; <br><br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="10" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"<br />
|-<br />
| '''The Velvet Voyage''' [http://www.newmars.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=1027&postdays=0&postorder=asc&start=240]<br><br />
<br><br />
Sail with winds that will never fail <br><br />
On voyage west towards suns farewell,<br><br />
Where shores unseen wait in the pale<br><br />
With light beyond the blackened swell,<br><br />
<br><br />
True star guide with slivered Moon<br><br />
Through sea foam sky in evening sigh,<br><br />
Midnight burn with heavenly tune<br><br />
Where waiting shores of Mars do lie.<br><br />
<br><br />
On ships of metal, men and hope<br><br />
Through depths unmeasured towards her coast,<br><br />
“A dream no more through telescope!”<br><br />
On waiting shores of Mars we toast.<br><br />
<br><br />
Journey seen through these dreaming eyes,<br><br />
Till dreams do sail through empty skies.<br><br />
<br><br />
:by [[Clark]] <br><br />
|-<br />
| '''The Journey of Conception'''<br><br />
<br><br />
Come all and explore <br><br />
Future and Past <br><br />
Ideas to last <br><br />
A Wiki like none Before <br><br />
<br><br />
The dream of Birth <br><br />
On a world of dirt <br><br />
Red to green earth <br><br />
With footprints we flirt <br><br />
<br><br />
A short stay is okay <br><br />
But better is one way <br><br />
From conception to birth <br><br />
Is a one way track from earth <br><br />
<br><br />
:by [[John Creighton]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== A Warm Welcome to the New Mars Wiki! ==<br />
<br />
The New Mars Wikipedia does not intend to become yet another bland Wikipedia ripoff. Instead, here you will not only find hard facts about Mars, but also various forms of [[fiction]], [[poetry]], [[philosophy]] and much much more.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
*About planet [[Mars]]<br />
<br />
*About [[Mars timekeeping]]<br />
<br />
*About the [[NewMars:Community_Portal|New Mars Community]]<br />
<br />
*About the [[Mars Society]]<br />
<br />
*About [[Mars Direct]]<br />
<br />
* [http://hablife.elwiki.com/index.php/Main_Page How to live at a Mars Analogue Research Station] (External Wiki.)<br />
<br />
*[[The Fundamentals of space Travel]]<br />
<br />
*About [[Orbital mechanics]]<br />
<br />
*About [[Space Terminology and Acronyms]]<br />
<br />
*List of [[Space Agencies]]<br />
<br />
*About [[Life Support Systems]]<br />
<br />
*List of [[Mars Events]]<br />
<br />
*Sources of [[sources | Online Information]]<br />
<br />
<br />
*Also, see our list of [[Special:Categories|Articles Arranged by Categories]]<br />
<br />
<br />
For contributors:<br />
*[[WikiUsage:Adding content|A Beginners Tutorial / manual]]<br />
<br />
*[[WikiUsage:Edit Guidelines & FAQ|Edit Guidelines & FAQ]]<br />
<br />
*[[Special:Wantedpages|Wanted Pages]]<br />
<br />
*You can also help by fleshing out some of the [[:Category:Stubs|Stub pages]] to turn them into full articles.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
Please see the [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_User%27s_Guide User's Guide] for usage and configuration help.</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=File:New_Mars_Logo.gif&diff=687
File:New Mars Logo.gif
2009-01-24T13:17:37Z
<p>Josh Cryer: New Mars Logo made by Adrian Hon</p>
<hr />
<div>New Mars Logo made by Adrian Hon</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=686
Main Page
2009-01-21T11:04:21Z
<p>Josh Cryer: Undo revision 301 by Josh Cryer (Talk)</p>
<hr />
<div><center>[[Image:New_Mars_Logo.gif]]<br />
<br />
[http://www.newmars.com/forums/viewforum.php?f=36<br> Check out the new mars forum]</center><br />
&nbsp; <br><br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="10" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"<br />
|-<br />
| '''The Velvet Voyage''' [http://www.newmars.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=1027&postdays=0&postorder=asc&start=240]<br><br />
<br><br />
Sail with winds that will never fail <br><br />
On voyage west towards suns farewell,<br><br />
Where shores unseen wait in the pale<br><br />
With light beyond the blackened swell,<br><br />
<br><br />
True star guide with slivered Moon<br><br />
Through sea foam sky in evening sigh,<br><br />
Midnight burn with heavenly tune<br><br />
Where waiting shores of Mars do lie.<br><br />
<br><br />
On ships of metal, men and hope<br><br />
Through depths unmeasured towards her coast,<br><br />
“A dream no more through telescope!”<br><br />
On waiting shores of Mars we toast.<br><br />
<br><br />
Journey seen through these dreaming eyes,<br><br />
Till dreams do sail through empty skies.<br><br />
<br><br />
:by [[Clark]] <br><br />
|-<br />
| '''The Journey of Conception'''<br><br />
<br><br />
Come all and explore <br><br />
Future and Past <br><br />
Ideas to last <br><br />
A Wiki like none Before <br><br />
<br><br />
The dream of Birth <br><br />
On a world of dirt <br><br />
Red to green earth <br><br />
With footprints we flirt <br><br />
<br><br />
A short stay is okay <br><br />
But better is one way <br><br />
From conception to birth <br><br />
Is a one way track from earth <br><br />
<br><br />
:by [[John Creighton]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== A Warm Welcome to the New Mars Wiki! ==<br />
<br />
The New Mars Wikipedia does not intend to become yet another bland Wikipedia ripoff. Instead, here you will not only find hard facts about Mars, but also various forms of [[fiction]], [[poetry]], [[philosophy]] and much much more.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
*About planet [[Mars]]<br />
<br />
*About [[Mars timekeeping]]<br />
<br />
*About the [[NewMars:Community_Portal|New Mars Community]]<br />
<br />
*About the [[Mars Society]]<br />
<br />
*About [[Mars Direct]]<br />
<br />
* [http://hablife.elwiki.com/index.php/Main_Page How to live at a Mars Analogue Research Station] (External Wiki.)<br />
<br />
*[[The Fundamentals of space Travel]]<br />
<br />
*About [[Orbital mechanics]]<br />
<br />
*About [[Space Terminology and Acronyms]]<br />
<br />
*List of [[Space Agencies]]<br />
<br />
*About [[Life Support Systems]]<br />
<br />
*List of [[Mars Events]]<br />
<br />
*Sources of [[sources | Online Information]]<br />
<br />
<br />
*Also, see our list of [[Special:Categories|Articles Arranged by Categories]]<br />
<br />
<br />
For contributors:<br />
*[[WikiUsage:Adding content|A Beginners Tutorial / manual]]<br />
<br />
*[[WikiUsage:Edit Guidelines & FAQ|Edit Guidelines & FAQ]]<br />
<br />
*[[Special:Wantedpages|Wanted Pages]]<br />
<br />
*You can also help by fleshing out some of the [[:Category:Stubs|Stub pages]] to turn them into full articles.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
Please see the [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_User%27s_Guide User's Guide] for usage and configuration help.</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=Talk_page&diff=673
Talk page
2009-01-21T11:02:43Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>== What is it used for? ==<br />
<b><i>NOTE: Use of the Wikipedia talk pages (the "discussion tab") is recommended as the first step in [[Wikipedia:Dispute resolution]].</i></b><br />
<br />
On Wikipedia, the purpose of a talk page is to help to improve the contents of the main page, from an encyclopedic point of view. Questions, challenges, excised text (due to truly egregious confusion or bias, for example), arguments relevant to changing the text, and commentary on the<br />
main page are all fair play.<br />
<br />
[[Wikipedia:Wikipedians|Wikipedians]] generally oppose the use of talk pages ''just'' for the purpose of [[partisan]] talk about the main subject. [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia is not a soapbox|Wikipedia is not a soapbox]], it's an encyclopedia. In other words, talk about the article, not about the subject. It's only the habits we encourage that keep Wikipedia from turning into another [[H2G2]] or [[Everything2]]. See also: [[Wikipedia:Wikiquette|Wikiquette]]<br />
<br />
That said, Wikipedians are fallible creatures, so it's entirely natural that a bit of partisan wrangling takes place on talk pages - and occasionally this even leads to improvements in the article! So there's a fair degree of tolerance, and most Wikipedians succumb to a bit of wrangling from time to time.<br />
<br />
The practice of "spamming" - posting similar messages to more than a few users' talk pages, often for the purpose of soliciting a certain action - is discouraged.</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=User_preferences_help&diff=675
User preferences help
2009-01-21T11:02:43Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>The preferences dialog allows you to personalize some aspects of a [[MediaWiki]] wiki. They will apply only when you are [[MediaWiki User's Guide: Logging-in|logged in]].<br />
<br />
Some MediaWiki projects form a family in the sense that one logs in into the family as a whole, and that common preference settings apply. Notably this is the case for the more than 300 projects of [[w:en:Wikicities|Wikicities]]. On Wikimedia projects logging in and setting preferences are currently done separately on each wiki. You may find it convenient to specify the same preferences on each wiki that you use, but this is not necessary. See also [[m:Single signon transition|Single signon transition]].<br />
<br />
== User data ==<br />
<pre><br />
User data<br />
Your email*: ...<br />
o Register email<br />
Your nickname (for signatures): enterprise...<br />
o Raw signatures (without automatic link)<br />
Interface language: English<br />
Change password<br />
Old password: ...<br />
New password: ...<br />
Retype new password: ...<br />
o Remember password across sessions <br />
* Real name (optional): if you choose to provide it this will be used<br />
for giving you attribution for your work.<br />
* Email (optional): Enables people to contact you through the website<br />
without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it can be<br />
used to send you a new password if you forget it.<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
* '''Your e-mail''': You may optionally register your e-mail address (it will not be shown publicly on the site). This will enable you to reset your password by clicking the "Mail me a new password" box on the [[MediaWiki User's Guide: Logging-in|log in]] screen, if you forget it. Additionally, it will enable other registered users to send e-mail to you from the "E-mail this user" link on your user page unless you've checked the ''disable'' box (see below).<br />
*'''Disable e-mail from other users''': If you check this, users will not be able to send you e-mail by way of the "E-mail this user" feature.<br />
<br />
===Your nickname===<br />
<br />
Although your username is not necessarily your real name and could therefore be called a nickname, the term "nickname" is used here for a name you may optionally specify, different from your username, for when you [[Help:Automatic conversion of wikitext|enter your signature]] with <nowiki>~~~</nowiki> or <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>.<br />
<br />
However, there is even more versatility. You can use any wikitext as your nickname. If "Raw signatures (without automatic link)" is unchecked, the software enters "<nowiki>[[User:Name|</nowiki>" in front of, and "]]" after your nickname wikitext.<br />
<br />
So entering "<nowiki>]] | [[User talk:Name|Talk</nowiki>" as your signature will also include a link to your talk page.<br />
<br />
Also you can add a separator, so that the signature looks something like this: "&mdash;&#x2003;[[User:Name|Name]] | [[User talk:Name|Talk]]".<br />
<br />
You can also check the 'raw signatures' box: in that case you specify the full wikitext to be used between the two dashes and the timestamp. This gives more versatility, and in cases like above the code is less cryptic.<br />
<br />
You can also include font tags, images, and templates. Note that changes in the images and templates are retroactive, which on one hand may be confusing, but on the other hand, to rectify annoying signatures, may be convenient. To avoid retroactivity, use a new image or template name. Do not create a signature template in the article or template namespace: instead use a subpage of your own userpage such as '''sig''', and link it with "<nowiki>{{User:Name/sig}}</nowiki>".<br />
<br />
In the case of a common signature on several projects, as in Wikicities, remember that templates are project-specific. Thus, if a signature contains a template call, to make it work in all projects, a template is needed in each (these may be copies, but the content can also be different for each project). Note also that links may lead to a different page, depending on the project in which you put the signature, even if you use interwiki link style. For example, India:User talk:John leads to the page User talk:John on India, except from the India project, where it leads to India:User talk:John in the India namespace. Therefore you may want to use external link style, or make a redirect such that the final target of the link is always the same.<br />
<br />
Check the rules of your project (for example, for the English Wikipedia see [[w:Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages]]) and note that:<br />
*using another nickname than your username is confusing (the page history shows your username, not your nickname)<br />
*if you show your username as an image, or with letters replaced by special characters, even if the name is still readable, searching a talk page for your username will fail <br />
*excessive signatures may clutter talk pages<br />
*drawing excessive attention to yourself may create the impression that you find yourself more important than other people<br />
<br />
If you use the edit toolbar for signing, remember that it gives two dashes before the four tildes.<br />
<br />
=== Password ===<br />
<br />
To change your password, enter your old password, the new password, and the new password a second time. (If you're merely changing the other preferences, you do not need to enter your password.)<br />
<br />
* '''Remember password across sessions'''. Enabling this feature will place an [[en:HTTP cookie|HTTP cookie]] in your browser's cache, which will allow MediaWiki to recognize you each time you visit the page. You will not have to log in each time you visit.<br />
<br />
If you want to use ''remember my password'' you have to change your password if it was generated by Mediawiki and emailed to you. This is a security feature but very often causes trouble for new users.<br />
<br />
===Interface language===<br />
One can specify an interface language. It shows the default messages, not those in the MediaWiki namespace. Note that some contain internal links, with the name of a page in the interface language project but without the corresponding prefix; therefore these links in general do not work, unless redirects are made.<br />
<br />
Note that using English as interface language in [[RTL]] projects shows "This is a minor edit" and "Watch this page" on the edit page with tick boxes reversed: the tick boxes do not belong to the nearest but to the other text.<br />
<br />
== QuickBar settings ==<br />
[[Image:Prefs help - quickbar.png]]<br />
<br />
This selection only works in the Classic and Cologne Blue skins (see below). In Monobook there is a left panel anyway; in Nostalgia there is none.<br />
<br />
This is the list of links to the various special pages. You may optionally have it appear at the right or left side of each page. There's no option yet to have it appear at the top or bottom of the page.<br />
<br />
The "fixed" quickbar will appear at the top corner of the page, while the "floating" quickbar will appear at the top corner of the browser window instead of scrolling with the article text. Floating quickbars may not float correctly on old or mobile browsers.<br />
<br />
The QuickBar must be enabled to allow you access to some features such as moving (renaming) a page, and in the case of Classic, also to arrive at the Special Pages, unless you type the URL.<br />
<br />
''This has been removed in 1.5''<br />
<br />
== Skin ==<br />
<br />
'''Skin'''<br><br />
O Classic<br><br />
O Nostalgia<br><br />
O Cologne Blue<br><br />
O MonoBook<br><br />
O MySkin<br />
----<br />
<br />
A MediaWiki skin is a style of page display. There are differences in the HTML code the system produces (but probably not in the page body), and also different style sheets are used.<br />
<br />
The default is the Monobook skin; what was called Standard is here in the preferences called Classic (not to be confused with the even older Nostalgia), but the system uses "wikistandard" in the naming of css files.<br />
<br />
Links at the edges of the page are in different positions. Some links are not present in every skin. In Nostalgia some links are in a drop-down menu instead of directly visible.<br />
<br />
Cologne Blue has a fixed font size unless one specifies in the browser "ignore font sizes specified in the webpage"; even then the line height is fixed; therefore this skin is hardly suitable for a large font.<br />
<br />
In Monobook the width of the panel on the left is dependent on the font size. Therefore, with a large font, the width of the main part of the page is smaller than with other skins.<br />
<br />
For Classic with a quickbar and a large font a CSS setting to reduce the size of the quickbar text may be necessary. This depends on the project, specifically on the length of the longest word in the quickbar. If that does not fit in the designated width, there are complications depending on the browser. In Internet Explorer the quickbar overlaps the main text and a vertical line which is intended to separate the two, crosses the main text. In some other browsers the problem does not arise if the quickbar is on the right.<br />
<br />
Since there is word wrapping but no wrapping within a word, the longest word and not the longest full label is the criterion:<br />
<br />
*"contributions" - English and French Wikipedia and Meta - short, large font is possible<br />
*"Beobachtungsliste" - German Wikipedia - long - large font is hardly useable<br />
*"Foutenrapportage" - Dutch Wikipedia - ditto<br />
*"Gebruikersbydraes" - Afrikaans - ditto<br />
<br />
To use the full width of the screen for the main text, use Classic without quickbar or Nostalgia. The drawback is that links are missing to the special pages and your user page, respectively.<br />
<br />
'''Screenshots:'''<br />
*[[colognebluess|Cologne Blue]]<br />
*[[nostalgiass|Nostalgia]]<br />
*[[standardss|Classic]]<br />
<br />
See also [[Help:User style]], and for developments and discussions, [[Skins]].<br />
<br />
== Rendering math ==<br />
<pre><br />
Rendering math<br />
o Always render PNG<br />
o HTML if very simple or else PNG<br />
o HTML if possible or else PNG<br />
o Leave it as TeX (for text browsers)<br />
o Recommended for modern browsers<br />
o MathML if possible (experimental)<br />
</pre><br />
MediaWiki allows you to enter mathematical equations as [[Help:Formula|TeX code]]. These options let you control how that code is rendered into [[en:PNG|PNG]] images.<br />
* '''Always render PNG''': Always make a PNG image from the TeX code.<br />
* '''HTML if very simple or else PNG''': If the TeX code is very simple, like "x = 3", render it as [[en:HTML|HTML]]. For more complex code, render as PNG.<br />
* '''HTML if possible or else PNG''': This option tries really hard to use HTML, but if it's too complicated, then it renders it as PNG. This option does not show a^{b^c} correctly! It shows the c at base level, which is not just a matter of being ugly, but it makes formulas wrong!. A workaround is to add "\,\!": a^{b^{\,\!2+2}}. With the current settings you get <math>a^{b^c}</math> and <math>a^{b^{\,\!c}}</math><br />
* '''Leave it as TeX''': Don't convert the TeX code, just show it. This is primarily for text-based browsers like [[en:Lynx web browser|Lynx]].<br />
* '''Recommended for modern browsers'''. If you use a web browser that was released in the past year or so, use this option.<br />
<!-- Not wanting to sound like I'm complaining, but seeing as the label of the option is beyond meaningless, please could someone add a sentence or two here describing what the feature does, exactly? ... Thanks -- [[User:Timwi|Timwi]] 20:12 29 Jun 2003 (UTC)<br />
** My guess is that it means the server will try to produce MathML? -- [[User:ShawnHarrison|ShawnHarrison]]<br />
*** Nope, no mathml output. It seems to be the most "liberal" option for using HTML output in preference to rasterized PNGs. However I'm not really sure what its criteria for determining 'conservativeness' are. Ask [[User:Taw|taw]] if you wish to understand the mystery that is our TeX module. --[[User:Brion VIBBER|Brion]] 00:09, 20 Aug 2003 (UTC)--><br />
* '''MathML if possible (experimental)'''<br />
<br />
==Files==<br />
<pre>Limit images on image description pages to: 320x240<br />
640x480<br />
800x600<br />
1024x768<br />
1280x1024<br />
10000x10000</pre><br />
(Prior to version 1.5, this is under "Recent changes and stub display".)<br />
<br />
One can specify a limit on the size of images on image description pages.<br />
<br />
The large limit 10000x10000 means that one gets the full image.<br />
<br />
With a slow connection it is not practical to have to load a large image just to read image info. Also, it may be practical if a large image at first is made to fit on the screen, in the case that the browser does not do that itself. If the image has been reduced there is a link to the full image.<br />
<br />
{{new|the default thumb nail width can be set in the preferences; this can be overridden by an image width specified in the image tag; the latter is typically not advisable, in order to respect the users' preferences.}}<br />
<br />
==Date format==<br />
The following is rendered depending on preferences:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
[[2001-01-15]]<br />
[[January 15]], [[2001]]<br />
[[15 January]] [[2001]]<br />
[[2001]] [[January 15]]<br />
[[2001]]-[[01-15]]<br />
[[January 15]]<br />
[[15 January]]<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
With your current preference setting on this project the seven are rendered as follows:<br />
<br />
*[[2001-01-15]]<br />
*[[January 15]], [[2001]]<br />
*[[15 January]] [[2001]]<br />
*[[2001]] [[January 15]]<br />
*[[2001]]-[[01-15]]<br />
*[[January 15]]<br />
*[[15 January]]<br />
<br />
<br />
By default the rendering is as usual for links. However one can specify as preference that all of the first five are rendered the same, in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th or 5th way. If the 4th or 5th way is selected, the 6th and 7th line are not affected.<br />
If the 2nd or 3rd way is selected, the 6th and 7th line are rendered accordingly, without the year.<br />
<br />
The setting also affects what wikitext the signature of the user produces. Since dates in signatures are not linked, this determines how the date is rendered for everybody, and this can not be changed retroactively, except by editing the pages with the signature.<br />
<br />
Note that using this date formatting feature in section headers complicates [[Help:Section#Section_linking|section linking]]: a link to a section with a variable date format has to in a fixed date format, which works only for users for whom the formats match. Thus, if you want to be able to use links like [[w:November_2004#November_1.2C_2004]], in the calendar at the upper right of the month pages on Wikipedia, or links elsewhere to the section about a particular day (if they also use the default format), you cannot use the date formatting feature. <br />
<br />
See also [[Dynamic dates]] and [[w:en:Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style_%28dates_and_numbers%29#Dates|w:en:Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style_(dates_and_number)#Dates]].<br />
<br />
== Time zone==<br />
<pre><br />
Time zone<br />
Server time is now: 06:34<br />
Local time display: 08:34<br />
Offset*: <br />
* Enter number of hours your local time differs from server time (UTC).<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
* '''Time diff'''. This is the number of hours to be added or subtracted from [[en:UTC|UTC]] to find your [[en:time zone|time zone]]. This time zone is used when calculating displayed page update timestamps, and may become temporarily incorrect from time to time if you observe [[en:daylight saving time|daylight saving time]] -- don't forget to update it to match ''your'' local time, because the Wiki doesn't know where you are or precisely when you celebrate DST. (Also, the server's clock may be slightly offset from reality, much as Wikipedia articles may be.) A scattering of typical (and possibly incorrect!) time diff values are below. If yours isn't listed, try [http://www.timeanddate.com/time/abbreviations.html this link] or add and subtract a few hours as needed.<br />
<br />
** -10 (DST -9) [[en:Hawaii|Hawaii]], western [[en:Aleutian Islands|Aleutians]] ([[en:Hawaii-Aleutian Standard Time Zone|Hawaii-Aleutian Standard Time]])<br />
** -9 (DST -8) All of [[en:Alaska|Alaska]], except for western [[en:Aleutian Islands|Aleutians]] ([[en:Alaska Standard Time Zone|Alaska Standard Time]])<br />
** -8 (DST -7) [[en:California|California]]; [[en:Washington|Washington]]; almost all of [[en:Oregon|Oregon]], [[en:Nevada|Nevada]], and [[en:British Columbia|British Columbia]] ([[en:Pacific Standard Time|Pacific Standard Time]])<br />
** -7 (DST -6) [[en:Colorado|Colorado]], [[en:Arizona|Arizona]] (no DST except for [[en:Navajo Nation|Navajo Nation]]), [[en:Alberta|Alberta]] ([[en:Mountain Standard Time|Mountain Standard Time]])<br />
** -6 (DST -5) [[en:Chicago|Chicago]], most of [[en:Mexico|Mexico]], [[en:Central America|Central America]], [[en:Saskatchewan|Saskatchewan]] ([[en:Central Standard Time|Central Standard Time]])<br />
** -5 (DST -4) [[en:New York, New York|New York]], [[en:Toronto, Ontario|Toronto]], [[en:Quebec|Quebec]] ([[en:Eastern Standard Time|Eastern Standard Time]])<br />
** -4 (DST -3) Canada's [[en:Canadian Maritimes|Maritime Provinces]], plus most of [[en:Labrador|Labrador]]<br />
** -3.5 (DST -2.5) [[en:Newfoundland|Newfoundland]]<br />
** -3 (DST -2) [[en:Brasilia|Brasilia]], [[en:Buenos Aires|Buenos Aires]], most of [[en:Greenland|Greenland]]<br />
** -2 (DST -1) Mid-Atlantic<br />
** -1 (DST 0) [[en:Azores|Azores]], [[en:Cape Verde Islands|Cape Verde Islands]]<br />
** 0 (DST 1) [[en:United Kingdom|United Kingdom]], [[en:Republic of Ireland|Republic of Ireland]], mainland [[en:Portugal|Portugal]], [[en:Iceland|Iceland]] (no DST), [[en:Casablanca|Casablanca]], [[en:Monrovia|Monrovia]] (no DST)<br />
** 1 (DST 2) most of [[en:Europe|Europe]], [[en:West Central Africa|West Central Africa]] (no DST)<br />
** 2 (DST 3) [[en:Bucharest|Bucharest]], [[en:Kiev|Kiev]], [[en:Cairo|Cairo]], [[en:Johannesburg|Johannesburg]] (no DST), [[en:Finland|Finland]], [[en:Jerusalem|Jerusalem]]<br />
** 3 (DST 4) [[en:Moscow|Moscow]], [[en:Kuwait|Kuwait]], [[en:Baghdad|Baghdad]], [[en:Tehran|Tehran]], [[en:Nairobi|Nairobi]] (no DST)<br />
** 4 [[en:Abu Dhabi|Abu Dhabi]], [[en:Baku|Baku]]<br />
** 4.5 [[en:Kabul|Kabul]]<br />
** 5 [[en:Islamabad|Islamabad]]<br />
** 5.5 [[en:India|India]]<br />
** 5.75 [[en:Nepal|Nepal]]<br />
** 6 [[en:Sri Lanka|Sri Lanka]], etc.<br />
** 6.5 [[en:Rangoon|Rangoon]]<br />
** 7 [[en:Bangkok|Bangkok]], [[en:Hanoi|Hanoi]], [[en:Jakarta|Jakarta]]<br />
** 8 [[en:PRC|People's Republic of China]], [[en:Taiwan|Taiwan]], [[en:Western Australia|Western Australia]], [[en:Ulaan Bataar|Ulaan Bataar]], [[en:Singapore|Singapore]], [[en:Manila|Manila]]<br />
** 9 [[en:Japan|Japan]], [[en:Seoul|Seoul]]<br />
** 9.5 (DST 10.5) [[en:South Australia|South Australia]] and [[en:Northern Territory|Northern Territory]] (no DST)<br />
** 10 (DST 11) [[en:Queensland|Queensland]] (no DST), [[en:New South Wales|New South Wales]], [[en:Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]], [[en:Tasmania|Tasmania]], [[en:Guam|Guam]] (no DST), [[en:Vladivostok|Vladivostok]]<br />
** 11 [[en:Magadan|Magadan]] (DST 12), [[en:Solomon Islands|Solomon Islands]], [[en:New Caledonia|New Caledonia]]<br />
** 12 [[en:Pago Pago|Pago Pago]], [[en:New Zealand|New Zealand]] (DST 13)<br />
<br />
The time is displayed in local time, according to the set preferences, in:<br />
*[[Help:Recent changes|Recent changes]]<br />
*[[Related changes]]<br />
*[[Page history]], Image history<br />
*[[User contributions]]<br />
*[[New pages]]<br />
*"This page was last modified" at the bottom of pages<br />
*[[Special:Imagelist]]<br />
<br />
The UTC time is applicable:<br />
*In the signing of Talk pages<br />
*In the [[Upload log]]<br />
*In referring to non-localized events, including things that happen on the wiki. <br />
<br />
Keep this in mind when copying an excerpt from Recent Changes, a revision history listing, etc. to a Talk page. Convert manually to UTC or temporarily set the preferences to a zero offset before producing the revision history etc. to be copied.<br />
<br />
==Editing==<br />
<pre><br />
Editing<br />
Rows: Columns: <br />
o Edit box has full width<br />
o Show edit toolbar<br />
o Show preview on first edit<br />
o Show preview before edit box and not after it<br />
o Add pages you edit to your watchlist<br />
o Mark all edits minor by default<br />
o Use external editor by default<br />
o Use external diff by default<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
* '''Rows''', '''Columns'''. Here you can set up your preferred dimensions for the textbox used for editing page text.<br />
* '''Edit box has full width'''. If this box is checked, the edit box (when you click "Edit this page") will be the width of the browser window, minus the quickbar width.<br />
* '''Show [[Help:edit toolbar|edit toolbar]]'''. In compatible browsers, a toolbar with editing buttons can be displayed.<br />
* '''Show preview on first edit''' - when pressing the edit button or otherwise following a link to an edit page, show not only the edit box but also the rendered page, just like after pressing "Show preview". This is especially useful when ''viewing'' a template, because even just viewing, not editing, typically requires both.<br />
* '''Show preview before edit box and not after it'''. If you select this option, the preview will be displayed above the edit box when you click the "Show preview" button while editing a page.<br />
* '''Add pages you edit to your watchlist'''. If this option is selected, any pages that you create or modify will be automatically added to your watchlist.<br />
* '''Mark all edits minor by default'''. This option automatically selects the "This is a minor edit" checkbox when you edit pages.<br />
* '''Use external editor by default'''. (New to 1.5) Changes editing from online version to external program. See [[Help:External editors]].<br />
* '''Use external diff by default'''. (New to 1.5) Changes diffing from online version to external program. See [[Help:External editors]].<br />
<br />
==Recent changes and stub display==<br />
<pre><br />
Number of titles in recent changes: <br />
o Hide minor edits in recent changes<br />
o Enhanced recent changes (not for all browsers)<br />
Threshold for stub display: <br />
</pre><br />
* '''Number of titles on recent changes''': You may select the number of changes which will be shown by default on the [[MediaWiki User's Guide: The Recent Changes page|Recent Changes]] and [[MediaWiki User's Guide: Using the Watchlist|Watchlist]] page. Once on those pages, links are provided for other options.<br />
* '''Hide minor edits in recent changes'''. Registered users may choose to mark edits as being minor (meaning fixes too trivial for trusting users to check up on). It applies to [[MediaWiki User's Guide: The Recent Changes page|Recent Changes]] and [[MediaWiki User's Guide: The enhanced Recent Changes page|Enhanced Recent Changes]], but not to the [[MediaWiki User's Guide: Using the Watchlist|Watchlist]]. It also affects [[MediaWiki User's Guide: The Related Changes function|Related changes]], but currently in an odd way: if the last edit of a page linking to the current page was minor, then neither that nor the last major change is shown.<br />
* '''Enhanced recent changes''' (not for all browsers). Group recent changes per day by article, display the titles of the changed articles in order from new to old latest change, or in the case of hiding minor edits, latest major change.<br />
* '''Threshold for stub display''': see [[Help:Link#Stub feature|Stub feature]].<br />
<br />
==Search result settings==<br />
<pre><br />
Hits to show per page: <br />
Lines to show per hit: <br />
Characters of context per line: <br />
Search in these namespaces by default:(Main) Talk User User talk Meta<br />
Meta talk Image Image talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template<br />
talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Hilfe Hilfe Diskussion Aide<br />
Discussion Aide Hjælp Hjælp diskussion Helpo Helpa diskuto Hjälp Hjälp<br />
diskussion Ayuda Ayuda Discusión Aiuto Discussioni aiuto ヘルプ ヘルプ‐ノート<br />
NL Help Overleg help Pomoc Dyskusja pomocy Ajuda Aju<br />
</pre><br />
* '''Hits to show per page''': You may choose the number of results returned on each page of [[help:searching|search]] results.<br />
* '''Lines to show per hit''' is somewhat cryptic; specifying a number n means: "do not show any context if the search term occurs beyond line n in the page"; here a paragraph, as well as the blank line between two paragraphs, each count as one "line"; line breaks in the source, even when not affecting the lay-out of the page (and even when not directly visible in the edit box of the article), affect the line count. Setting the parameter to 5000 or more gives context for every occurrence.<br />
* '''Characters of context per line''': the number of characters of context per occurrence; however, the context is anyway restricted to the "line" (see above) it occurs in. To get the whole line, put a large number like 5000.<br />
*'''Search in these namespaces by default''': shows a list of all namespaces (not the same in all projects; for older MediaWiki versions, which do not have [[Special:Version]], this is also a useful indicator what version is used; for even older versions that do not have this item in the preferences, see the list after performing a search), allowing one to select which ones are searched by default; see also [[Help:Searching#Namespaces_searched|Namespaces searched]].<br />
<br />
== Misc settings ==<br />
<pre><br />
Show hoverbox over wiki links<br />
Underline links<br />
Format broken links like this (alternative: like this?).<br />
Justify paragraphs<br />
Auto-number headings<br />
Edit pages on double click (JavaScript)<br />
Enable section editing via [edit] links<br />
Enable section editing by right clicking<br />
on section titles (JavaScript)<br />
Show table of contents<br />
(for pages with more than 3 headings)<br />
Disable page caching<br />
</pre><br />
* '''Show hoverbox over wiki links'''. This option determines whether a [[w:Hyperlink|link title]] is put in the HTML code. The result depends on the browser: putting the mouse pointer over a [[help:link|link]] often displays this title in a hover box. However, some browsers show the URL anyway, so a link title may be superfluous. If enabled, the link title is the page name in the case of an internal link, the page name with prefix in the case of an interwiki link, and the URL in the case of an external link.<br />
* '''Underline links'''. Normally, link text will be underlined. Optionally, you may request that links not be underlined, although your browser may not respect this setting. Normally links that are not underlined can still be recognized by color. However, one can then not distinguish between two consecutive words being a single link or two links, without pointing at the words with the cursor. There is some discussion of changing the default here: see [[Link style vote]] <br />
* '''Format broken links <font color="CC2200"><u>like this</u></font>'''. An internal link to a non-existing pages is automatically a link to the edit page. By default the link label of <nowiki>[[b]]</nowiki> and <nowiki>[[a|b]]</nowiki> is "b", just like for links to existing pages. Alternatively the link label is a question mark inserted after "b", like this: The weather in London[[The weather in London|?]]. The appearance of the link is further determined by the style specified for css selectors "a.new" and "a.new:hover" (the example on the preferences page wrongly uses class="internal" for the question mark). Internal links to pages which do not yet exist currently appear on your browser like this: [[the weather in London]]. Normally, this is underlined and in red. With the trailing question mark link one can then not distinguish between a single word being linked or a phrase of more than one word, without pointing at the question mark with the cursor. Also, remember that the question mark does not mean that the information is uncertain.<br />
* '''Justify paragraphs'''. If set, article paragraphs will be formatted to avoid jagged line endings. If unset, the paragraphs will be formatted as-is.<br />
*'''Auto-number headings'''. This adds hierarchical outline-style numbering to headers in articles.<br />
* '''Edit pages on double click'''. If this box is checked, you can double-click on a page to edit it. This option requires [[w:JavaScript|JavaScript]] to be enabled in your browser.<br />
*'''Enable [[Help:Section#Section_editing|section editing]] via [edit] links'''. Shows or hides the '''[Edit]''' links on section titles.<br />
*'''Enable section editing by right-clicking on section titles (JavaScript)'''. Note that in the case of a header with a link (which may occur, although it is not recommended in some projects) this disables opening the link in a new window through right-clicking (an alternative way such as shift-clicking may work). Also other right-clicking functions, such as "Properties", are disabled.<br />
*'''Show [[en:table of contents|table of contents]] (for articles with more than 3 headings)'''<br />
* '''Disable page caching'''. This turns off page caching. This is useful if you're experiencing problems of seeing outdated versions of pages, but this comes at a cost of longer loading times.<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
<br />
If you want to change your username, it is recommended that you [[Changing username|do this retroactively]] in the sense that your previous user contributions are recorded under the new name. Users and sysops cannot do this, one can ask a [[developer]] to do so. Signatures are not changed and therefore will no longer match page histories of the talk pages concerned. However, you can edit signatures manually. Also other occurrences of your name on talk pages are not retroactively changed. The deletion log and the upload log are not altered.<br />
<br />
[[en:Wikipedia:Account deletion|Account deletion]] is not possible.<br />
<br />
You cannot indicate personal information (such as your real name) here, but you may do so on a page named after your username in the User: namespace. (That's available as a link on the line which says "You are logged in as user WhatsYourName" above the preferences panel. Feel free to start your own page with anything you want to say about yourself on it.)<br />
<br />
==Browser preferences==<br />
<br />
Browsers usually also allow you to specify preferences, e.g. font size and font type. The standard skin is compatible with your browser setting of font size and font type. The Cologne Blue skin has most text in a fixed font size, ignoring your browser setting. Some browsers, e.g. IE, allow you to specify that font size specified in the web page is ignored. In that case the font size in Cologne Blue is as specified in the browser, but with the line height not adjusted accordingly. Therefore a large font gives a messy result.<br />
<br />
==Providing your own CSS==<br />
[[En:Cascading Style Sheets|Cascading Style Sheets]] are used to configure MediaWiki's visual appearance. You can specify your own CSS definitions and overwrite the default settings. See [[Help:User style]].</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=explore&diff=677
explore
2009-01-21T11:02:43Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>Below are some ways to [[explore]] [[Wikipedia]]:<br />
<br />
* Search for articles (might be disabled). Enter your search in the box in the sidebar. See [[wikipedia:Searching|help on searching]].<br />
* Follow the links from article to article.<br />
* Go to a [[special:Randompage|random article]]. Click on '''''Random Page''''' in the sidebar <br />
* Browse the various [[Wikipedia:category|categories]]. See [[Wikipedia:Browse]].<br />
* View what [[special:recentchanges|edits have been made]] to Wikipedia articles recently. Click on '''''Recent Changes''''' in the sidebar. ([[Wikipedia:User preferences help|There is a regular and an enhanced version of this feature.]])<br />
* Use your [[special:watchlist|watchlist]] to track changes made to a particular page (only when [[Special:Userlogin|logged in]]). Click '''''My watchlist''''' on the top of the page. See [[Wikipedia:Watchlist help]].<br />
* Find the pages that have a link to a given page: click '''''What links here''''' on the latter page. This works also for a page that does not exist (there may be links to it, which makes it extra useful to create it). The ''What links here'' button is also on the edit page on which one arrives when following a broken link. See also [[Wikipedia:What links here]].<br />
* Use the [[Special:Specialpages|special pages]]. Click on '''''Special pages''''' in the sidebar.<br />
<br />
The location of the search box and other links described on this page only apply to the default skin.</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=X_Prize&diff=679
X Prize
2009-01-21T11:02:43Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>Won by [[Scaled Composites]]'s [[SpaceShip One]]<br />
<br />
== External links: ==<br />
<br />
*[http://www.xprizefoundation.com/ X Prize Foundation]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.xprizefoundation.com/xp_cup/default.asp X Prize Cup]<br />
<br />
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_prize Wikipedia Article: Ansari X-Prize]</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=Zenit&diff=681
Zenit
2009-01-21T11:02:43Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>The Zenit launch vehicle is a Russian designed orbital launch vehicle. The Zenit was derived directly from the booster rockets employed by the [[Energia]] launch vehicle. It is still used by the private launch provider [[Sea Launch]].<br />
<br />
== External Links ==<br />
<br />
[http://www.sea-launch.com/ Sea Launch]<br />
<br />
[http://www.astronautix.com/ Encyclopedia Astronautica]<br />
<br />
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenit_rocket Wikipedia Article: Zenit Rocket]<br />
<br />
[[category:Spacecraft and Launch Vehicles]]</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=Zero_Energy_Transfer&diff=683
Zero Energy Transfer
2009-01-21T11:02:43Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Interplanetary Super Highway]]</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=Zubrin_Page&diff=685
Zubrin Page
2009-01-21T11:02:43Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Robert Zubrin]]</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=Adding_content&diff=655
Adding content
2009-01-21T11:02:42Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>#redirect [[WikiUsage:Adding content]]</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=Common_words,_searching_for_which_is_not_possible&diff=657
Common words, searching for which is not possible
2009-01-21T11:02:42Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>Some words in wikipedia cannot currently be [[wikipedia:searching|searched]] for, because they are deemed too common. The following is a full list of those words. They are written as links, so that at least articles with a single common word as title can be found through this list.<br />
<br />
If the exact title of an article is known or guessed, the '''Go''' button can be used; this feature is not affected by the above-mentioned restriction.<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
* [[1-1]]<br />
* [[a]]<br />
* [[a's]]<br />
* [[able]]<br />
* [[about]]<br />
* [[above]]<br />
* [[according]]<br />
* [[accordingly]]<br />
* [[across]]<br />
* [[actually]]<br />
* [[after]]<br />
* [[afterwards]]<br />
* [[again]]<br />
* [[against]]<br />
* [[ain't]]<br />
* [[all]]<br />
* [[allow]]<br />
* [[allows]]<br />
* [[almost]]<br />
* [[alone]]<br />
* [[along]]<br />
* [[already]]<br />
* [[also]]<br />
* [[although]]<br />
* [[always]]<br />
* [[am]]<br />
* [[among]]<br />
* [[amongst]]<br />
* [[an]]<br />
* [[and]]<br />
* [[another]]<br />
* [[any]]<br />
* [[anybody]]<br />
* [[anyhow]]<br />
* [[anyone]]<br />
* [[anything]]<br />
* [[anyway]]<br />
* [[anyways]]<br />
* [[anywhere]]<br />
* [[apart]]<br />
* [[appear]]<br />
* [[appreciate]]<br />
* [[appropriate]]<br />
* [[are]]<br />
* [[aren't]]<br />
* [[around]]<br />
* [[as]]<br />
* [[aside]]<br />
* [[ask]]<br />
* [[asking]]<br />
* [[associated]]<br />
* [[at]]<br />
* [[available]]<br />
* [[away]]<br />
* [[awfully]]<br />
* [[b]]<br />
* [[be]]<br />
* [[became]]<br />
* [[because]]<br />
* [[become]]<br />
* [[becomes]]<br />
* [[becoming]]<br />
* [[been]]<br />
* [[before]]<br />
* [[beforehand]]<br />
* [[behind]]<br />
* [[being]]<br />
* [[believe]]<br />
* [[below]]<br />
* [[beside]]<br />
* [[besides]]<br />
* [[best]]<br />
* [[better]]<br />
* [[between]]<br />
* [[beyond]]<br />
* [[both]]<br />
* [[brief]]<br />
* [[but]]<br />
* [[by]]<br />
* [[c]]<br />
* [[c'mon]]<br />
* [[c's]]<br />
* [[came]]<br />
* [[can]]<br />
* [[can't]]<br />
* [[cannot]]<br />
* [[cant]]<br />
* [[cause]]<br />
* [[causes]]<br />
* [[certain]]<br />
* [[certainly]]<br />
* [[changes]]<br />
* [[clearly]]<br />
* [[co]]<br />
* [[com]]<br />
* [[come]]<br />
* [[comes]]<br />
* [[concerning]]<br />
* [[consequently]]<br />
* [[consider]]<br />
* [[considering]]<br />
* [[contain]]<br />
* [[containing]]<br />
* [[contains]]<br />
* [[corresponding]]<br />
* [[could]]<br />
* [[couldn't]]<br />
* [[course]]<br />
* [[currently]]<br />
* [[d]]<br />
* [[definitely]]<br />
* [[described]]<br />
* [[despite]]<br />
* [[did]]<br />
* [[didn't]]<br />
* [[different]]<br />
* [[do]]<br />
* [[does]]<br />
* [[doesn't]]<br />
* [[doing]]<br />
* [[don't]]<br />
* [[done]]<br />
* [[down]]<br />
* [[downwards]]<br />
* [[during]]<br />
* [[e]]<br />
* [[each]]<br />
* [[edu]]<br />
* [[eg]]<br />
* [[eight]]<br />
* [[either]]<br />
* [[else]]<br />
* [[elsewhere]]<br />
* [[enough]]<br />
* [[entirely]]<br />
* [[especially]]<br />
* [[et]]<br />
* [[etc]]<br />
* [[even]]<br />
* [[ever]]<br />
* [[every]]<br />
* [[everybody]]<br />
* [[everyone]]<br />
* [[everything]]<br />
* [[everywhere]]<br />
* [[ex]]<br />
* [[exactly]]<br />
* [[example]]<br />
* [[except]]<br />
* [[f]]<br />
* [[far]]<br />
* [[few]]<br />
* [[fifth]]<br />
* [[first]]<br />
* [[five]]<br />
* [[followed]]<br />
* [[following]]<br />
* [[follows]]<br />
* [[for]]<br />
* [[former]]<br />
* [[formerly]]<br />
* [[forth]]<br />
* [[four]]<br />
* [[from]]<br />
* [[further]]<br />
* [[furthermore]]<br />
* [[g]]<br />
* [[get]]<br />
* [[gets]]<br />
* [[getting]]<br />
* [[given]]<br />
* [[gives]]<br />
* [[go]]<br />
* [[goes]]<br />
* [[going]]<br />
* [[gone]]<br />
* [[got]]<br />
* [[gotten]]<br />
* [[greetings]]<br />
* [[h]]<br />
* [[had]]<br />
* [[hadn't]]<br />
* [[happens]]<br />
* [[hardly]]<br />
* [[has]]<br />
* [[hasn't]]<br />
* [[have]]<br />
* [[haven't]]<br />
* [[having]]<br />
* [[he]]<br />
* [[he's]]<br />
* [[hello]]<br />
* [[help]]<br />
* [[hence]]<br />
* [[her]]<br />
* [[here]]<br />
* [[here's]]<br />
* [[hereafter]]<br />
* [[hereby]]<br />
* [[herein]]<br />
* [[hereupon]]<br />
* [[hers]]<br />
* [[herself]]<br />
* [[hi]]<br />
* [[him]]<br />
* [[himself]]<br />
* [[his]]<br />
* [[hither]]<br />
* [[hopefully]]<br />
* [[how]]<br />
* [[howbeit]]<br />
* [[however]]<br />
* [[i]]<br />
* [[i'd]]<br />
* [[i'll]]<br />
* [[i'm]]<br />
* [[i've]]<br />
* [[ie]]<br />
* [[if]]<br />
* [[ignored]]<br />
* [[immediate]]<br />
* [[in]]<br />
* [[inasmuch]]<br />
* [[inc]]<br />
* [[indeed]]<br />
* [[indicate]]<br />
* [[indicated]]<br />
* [[indicates]]<br />
* [[inner]]<br />
* [[insofar]]<br />
* [[instead]]<br />
* [[into]]<br />
* [[inward]]<br />
* [[is]]<br />
* [[isn't]]<br />
* [[it]]<br />
* [[it'd]]<br />
* [[it'll]]<br />
* [[it's]]<br />
* [[its]]<br />
* [[itself]]<br />
* [[j]]<br />
* [[k]]<br />
* [[keep]]<br />
* [[keeps]]<br />
* [[kept]]<br />
* [[know]]<br />
* [[knows]]<br />
* [[known]]<br />
* [[l]]<br />
* [[last]]<br />
* [[lately]]<br />
* [[later]]<br />
* [[latter]]<br />
* [[latterly]]<br />
* [[least]]<br />
* [[less]]<br />
* [[lest]]<br />
* [[let]]<br />
* [[let's]]<br />
* [[like]]<br />
* [[liked]]<br />
* [[likely]]<br />
* [[little]]<br />
* [[look]]<br />
* [[looking]]<br />
* [[looks]]<br />
* [[ltd]]<br />
* [[m]]<br />
* [[mainly]]<br />
* [[many]]<br />
* [[may]]<br />
* [[maybe]]<br />
* [[me]]<br />
* [[mean]]<br />
* [[meanwhile]]<br />
* [[merely]]<br />
* [[might]]<br />
* [[more]]<br />
* [[moreover]]<br />
* [[most]]<br />
* [[mostly]]<br />
* [[much]]<br />
* [[must]]<br />
* [[my]]<br />
* [[myself]]<br />
* [[n]]<br />
* [[name]]<br />
* [[namely]]<br />
* [[nd]]<br />
* [[near]]<br />
* [[nearly]]<br />
* [[necessary]]<br />
* [[need]]<br />
* [[needs]]<br />
* [[neither]]<br />
* [[never]]<br />
* [[nevertheless]]<br />
* [[new]]<br />
* [[next]]<br />
* [[nine]]<br />
* [[no]]<br />
* [[nobody]]<br />
* [[non]]<br />
* [[none]]<br />
* [[noone]]<br />
* [[nor]]<br />
* [[normally]]<br />
* [[not]]<br />
* [[nothing]]<br />
* [[novel]]<br />
* [[now]]<br />
* [[nowhere]]<br />
* [[o]]<br />
* [[obviously]]<br />
* [[of]]<br />
* [[off]]<br />
* [[often]]<br />
* [[oh]]<br />
* [[ok]]<br />
* [[okay]]<br />
* [[old]]<br />
* [[on]]<br />
* [[once]]<br />
* [[one]]<br />
* [[ones]]<br />
* [[only]]<br />
* [[onto]]<br />
* [[or]]<br />
* [[other]]<br />
* [[others]]<br />
* [[otherwise]]<br />
* [[ought]]<br />
* [[our]]<br />
* [[ours]]<br />
* [[ourselves]]<br />
* [[out]]<br />
* [[outside]]<br />
* [[over]]<br />
* [[overall]]<br />
* [[own]]<br />
* [[p]]<br />
* [[particular]]<br />
* [[particularly]]<br />
* [[per]]<br />
* [[perhaps]]<br />
* [[placed]]<br />
* [[please]]<br />
* [[plus]]<br />
* [[possible]]<br />
* [[presumably]]<br />
* [[probably]]<br />
* [[provides]]<br />
* [[q]]<br />
* [[que]]<br />
* [[quite]]<br />
* [[qv]]<br />
* [[r]]<br />
* [[rather]]<br />
* [[rd]]<br />
* [[re]]<br />
* [[really]]<br />
* [[reasonably]]<br />
* [[regarding]]<br />
* [[regardless]]<br />
* [[regards]]<br />
* [[relatively]]<br />
* [[respectively]]<br />
* [[right]]<br />
* [[s]]<br />
* [[said]]<br />
* [[same]]<br />
* [[saw]]<br />
* [[say]]<br />
* [[saying]]<br />
* [[says]]<br />
* [[second]]<br />
* [[secondly]]<br />
* [[see]]<br />
* [[seeing]]<br />
* [[seem]]<br />
* [[seemed]]<br />
* [[seeming]]<br />
* [[seems]]<br />
* [[seen]]<br />
* [[self]]<br />
* [[selves]]<br />
* [[sensible]]<br />
* [[sent]]<br />
* [[serious]]<br />
* [[seriously]]<br />
* [[seven]]<br />
* [[several]]<br />
* [[shall]]<br />
* [[she]]<br />
* [[should]]<br />
* [[shouldn't]]<br />
* [[since]]<br />
* [[six]]<br />
* [[so]]<br />
* [[some]]<br />
* [[somebody]]<br />
* [[somehow]]<br />
* [[someone]]<br />
* [[something]]<br />
* [[sometime]]<br />
* [[sometimes]]<br />
* [[somewhat]]<br />
* [[somewhere]]<br />
* [[soon]]<br />
* [[sorry]]<br />
* [[specified]]<br />
* [[specify]]<br />
* [[specifying]]<br />
* [[still]]<br />
* [[sub]]<br />
* [[such]]<br />
* [[sup]]<br />
* [[sure]]<br />
* [[t]]<br />
* [[t's]]<br />
* [[take]]<br />
* [[taken]]<br />
* [[tell]]<br />
* [[tends]]<br />
* [[th]]<br />
* [[than]]<br />
* [[thank]]<br />
* [[thanks]]<br />
* [[thanx]]<br />
* [[that]]<br />
* [[that's]]<br />
* [[thats]]<br />
* [[the]]<br />
* [[their]]<br />
* [[theirs]]<br />
* [[them]]<br />
* [[themselves]]<br />
* [[then]]<br />
* [[thence]]<br />
* [[there]]<br />
* [[there's]]<br />
* [[thereafter]]<br />
* [[thereby]]<br />
* [[therefore]]<br />
* [[therein]]<br />
* [[theres]]<br />
* [[thereupon]]<br />
* [[these]]<br />
* [[they]]<br />
* [[they'd]]<br />
* [[they'll]]<br />
* [[they're]]<br />
* [[they've]]<br />
* [[think]]<br />
* [[third]]<br />
* [[this]]<br />
* [[thorough]]<br />
* [[thoroughly]]<br />
* [[those]]<br />
* [[though]]<br />
* [[three]]<br />
* [[through]]<br />
* [[throughout]]<br />
* [[thru]]<br />
* [[thus]]<br />
* [[to]]<br />
* [[together]]<br />
* [[too]]<br />
* [[took]]<br />
* [[toward]]<br />
* [[towards]]<br />
* [[tried]]<br />
* [[tries]]<br />
* [[truly]]<br />
* [[try]]<br />
* [[trying]]<br />
* [[twice]]<br />
* [[two]]<br />
* [[u]]<br />
* [[un]]<br />
* [[under]]<br />
* [[unfortunately]]<br />
* [[unless]]<br />
* [[unlikely]]<br />
* [[until]]<br />
* [[unto]]<br />
* [[up]]<br />
* [[upon]]<br />
* [[us]]<br />
* [[use]]<br />
* [[used]]<br />
* [[useful]]<br />
* [[uses]]<br />
* [[using]]<br />
* [[usually]]<br />
* [[v]]<br />
* [[value]]<br />
* [[various]]<br />
* [[very]]<br />
* [[via]]<br />
* [[viz]]<br />
* [[vs]]<br />
* [[w]]<br />
* [[want]]<br />
* [[wants]]<br />
* [[was]]<br />
* [[wasn't]]<br />
* [[way]]<br />
* [[we]]<br />
* [[we'd]]<br />
* [[we'll]]<br />
* [[we're]]<br />
* [[we've]]<br />
* [[welcome]]<br />
* [[well]]<br />
* [[went]]<br />
* [[were]]<br />
* [[weren't]]<br />
* [[what]]<br />
* [[what's]]<br />
* [[whatever]]<br />
* [[when]]<br />
* [[whence]]<br />
* [[whenever]]<br />
* [[where]]<br />
* [[where's]]<br />
* [[whereafter]]<br />
* [[whereas]]<br />
* [[whereby]]<br />
* [[wherein]]<br />
* [[whereupon]]<br />
* [[wherever]]<br />
* [[whether]]<br />
* [[which]]<br />
* [[while]]<br />
* [[whither]]<br />
* [[who]]<br />
* [[who's]]<br />
* [[whoever]]<br />
* [[whole]]<br />
* [[whom]]<br />
* [[whose]]<br />
* [[why]]<br />
* [[will]]<br />
* [[willing]]<br />
* [[wish]]<br />
* [[with]]<br />
* [[within]]<br />
* [[without]]<br />
* [[won't]]<br />
* [[wonder]]<br />
* [[would]]<br />
* [[wouldn't]]<br />
* [[x]]<br />
* [[y]]<br />
* [[yes]]<br />
* [[yet]]<br />
* [[you]]<br />
* [[you'd]]<br />
* [[you'll]]<br />
* [[you're]]<br />
* [[you've]]<br />
* [[your]]<br />
* [[yours]]<br />
* [[yourself]]<br />
* [[yourselves]]<br />
* [[z]]<br />
* [[zero]]</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=Go_button&diff=659
Go button
2009-01-21T11:02:42Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>#redirect [[WikiUsage:Go button]]</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=How_to_log_in&diff=661
How to log in
2009-01-21T11:02:42Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>== How to log in ==<br />
First, make sure [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_cookie cookies] are enabled in your browser. (see also [[draft privacy policy]])<br />
<br />
Click on the [[Special:Userlogin|Log in]] link here, or at the top right of the page. You will then be prompted to enter your username and password. If you haven't logged in before, you will need to enter your password twice.<br />
<br />
You may also give your email address if you like. Other users will be able to send email to the address, but they won't be able to find out what the address is.<br />
<br />
If you click the check box ''Remember me'', you will not have to log in again when accessing Wikipedia from the same computer. This feature was formerly known as "''Remember my password across sessions''". Note that some firewall and ad-blocking software may interfere with the cookie that this Wiki uses to keep a person logged in. If a user encounters problems remaining logged in, these programs may be a cause.</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=Manny_Blu&diff=663
Manny Blu
2009-01-21T11:02:42Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>Temporarily Under Construction.</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=Pulsed_Inductive_Thruster&diff=665
Pulsed Inductive Thruster
2009-01-21T11:02:42Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>#redirect [[Pulsed Inductive Thruster (PIT)]]</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=Recent_Changes&diff=667
Recent Changes
2009-01-21T11:02:42Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''[[Special:Recentchanges|Recent Changes]]''' page lets you see the most recent edits made to pages anywhere in Wikipedia. Using this page, users can monitor and review the work of other users, allowing mistakes to be corrected and vandalism to be eliminated. There is a link to the Recent Changes page at the top of every page, and in the sidebar. You can create a link to the page like so: <nowiki>[[Special:Recentchanges]]</nowiki>.<br />
<br />
'''For a more detailed guide to the Recent Changes page see the [[meta:Help:Recent changes|MediaWiki User's Guide to recent changes]]'''<br />
<br />
You can specify wanting to see the last [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:Special:Recentchanges|limit=25}} 25] | [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:Special:Recentchanges|limit=50}} 50] | [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:Special:Recentchanges|limit=100}} 100] | [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:Special:Recentchanges|limit=250}} 250] | [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:Special:Recentchanges|limit=500}} 500] major changes; if you visit the main recent changes page, you will see [[Special:Recentchanges|the number you specified in the preferences]].</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=Searching&diff=669
Searching
2009-01-21T11:02:42Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>==Search facility of Wikipedia==<br />
<br />
The native Wikipedia search feature via the search box that appears on every Wikipedia page is not available during peak hours or other periods of high server activity (which may last for days). Here are some hints for using it effectively (see also [[Wikipedia:User preferences help]], "Search result settings" section, and [[Wikipedia:Go button]]).<br />
<br />
===Limiting results===<br />
<br />
Wikipedia's default search mode will turn up results with '''''any''''' of the words in your query. For instance, <tt>[http://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?search=search+engine search engine]</tt> turns up many results containing only "search" but not "engine" or only "engine" but not "search" in addition to the ones you probably wanted, which contain both words.<br />
<br />
To limit to results that include '''''all''''' words, put a "+" at the beginning of each word: <tt>[http://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?search=%2Bsearch+%2Bengine +search +engine]</tt> returns only pages containing both words, like Google's default mode.<br />
<br />
You can also do a '''phrase''' search by enclosing words in quotes: <tt>[http://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?search=%22search+engine%22 "search engine"]</tt> turns up a smaller set of results, which not only have both words but have them in order.<br />
<br />
To '''exclude''' results that include some word, put a "-" at the beginning: <tt>[http://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?search=search+-engine search -engine]</tt><br />
<br />
===Avoid short and common words===<br />
<br />
If your search terms include a common "stop word" (such as "the", "one", "your", "more", "right", "while", "when", "who", "which",<br />
"such", "every", "about") it will be ignored by the search system. If you're trying to do a phrase search or all-words-only search, this may result in returning nothing at all. Short numbers, and words that appear in half of all articles, will also not be found. In this case, drop those words and rerun the search.<br />
<br />
See [[Wikipedia:Common words, searching for which is not possible]] for the stop words filtered out by the database. From there one can at least go to an article with a stop word as title. Searching for the combination of one or more words and the common word "not" gives a database query syntax error due to a bug in the software.<br />
<br />
===Search is case-insensitive only for the first word of the entry===<br />
The searches for "fortran", "Fortran" and "FORTRAN" all return the same results. If an article has a name including a mixture of capitalized and uncapitalized letters and is neither all initial cap or all lower case following the first word, searching is not case insensitive. For example, consider the article [[French and Indian Wars]]. A search for 'french and indian wars' will not find this article. However, a search for 'French and Indian Wars' will find it, as will a search for 'french and Indian Wars'. If the article name were 'French And Indian Wars' or 'French and indian wars' a search with any capitalization variant would find it. [[Wikipedia:Redirect|Redirect]]s can be used to work around this problem. For example, searches for any capitalization variant of 'Isle of Wight' match [[Isle of wight]] which redirects the user to the actual article named [[Isle of Wight]].<br />
<br />
===Wildcards===<br />
You can use some limited wildcards if you really want to, but I forget offhand what. Look up "[http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/fulltext-boolean.html fulltext search]" on http://www.mysql.com/ and look down under 'boolean search' for the details. However, wildcard searches are slower, so go easy on the poor server.<br />
<br />
===Words with special characters===<br />
In a search for a word with a [[diaeresis]], such as Sint Odili&euml;nberg, it depends whether this ë is stored as one character or as "&amp;euml;". In the first case one can simply search for Odilienberg (or Odili&euml;nberg); in the second case it can only be found by searching for Odili, euml and/or nberg. This is actually a bug that should be fixed -- the entities should be folded into their raw character equivalents so all searches on them are equivalent. See also [[Wikipedia:Special characters]].<br />
<br />
===Words in single quotes===<br />
If a word appears in an article with single quotes, you can only find it if you search for the word with quotes. Since this is rarely desirable it is better to use double quotes in articles, for which this problem does not arise. See the [[wikipedia:manual of style|manual of style]] for more info.<br />
<br />
An apostrophe is identical to a single quote, therefore Mu'ammar can be found searching for exactly that (and not otherwise). A word with apostrophe s is an exception in that it can be found also searching for the word without the apostrophe and the s.<br />
<br />
===Namespaces searched by default===<br />
The search only applies to the namespaces selected in the user's [[special:preferences|preferences]]. To search the other namespaces check or uncheck the tickboxes in "Search in namespaces" box found at the bottom of a search results page. Depending on the browser, a box may still be checked from a previous search, but without being effective any longer! To make sure, uncheck and recheck it.<br />
<br />
Searching the image namespace means searching the image descriptions, i.e. the first parts of the image description pages.<br />
<br />
===Redirects can be excluded===<br />
Check or uncheck the tickbox "List redirects" in "Search in namespaces" box found at the bottom of a search results page.<br />
<br />
===The source text is searched=== <br />
The source text (what one sees in the edit box, also called [[wiki text]]) is searched. This distinction is relevant for [[piped link]]s, for [[Wikipedia:interlanguage link]]s (to find links to Chinese articles, search for zh, not for Zhongwen), special characters (if ê is coded as &amp;ecirc; it is found searching for ecirc), etc.<br />
<br />
===Delay in updating the search index===<br />
For reasons of efficiency and priority, very recent changes are not always immediately taken into account in searches.<br />
<br />
At the moment, the search engine uses an index that isn't updated at all. This is temporary.</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=Securtiy&diff=671
Securtiy
2009-01-21T11:02:42Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>'''<br />
== Securtiy =='''<br />
<br />
The process of patching a computer with updates provided by Microsoft.</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=Universal_light_speed&diff=621
Universal light speed
2009-01-21T11:02:41Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Universal light speed''', C<sub>U</sub>, is the numeric reference value for the speed of light in nominal free space is 8885765.876.........+ L<sub>U</sub> per T<sub>U</sub>. The value can be calculated to over a million significant figures. The unit descriptors are the [[Universal length]] and [[Universal time]] units. The numeric value is derived using geometric electromagnetic relationships which mutually define the Universal light speed and Universal time unit values using the Universal length.<br />
<br />
The methodology used to derive the Universal light speed is described in [[Scientific units]]. The value is obtained by multiplying the [[Generic frequency]] by a fundamental [[Generic wavelength]]. The fundamental generic wavelength is equal to the square root of 2, or the cosecant of the angle of 45 degrees, multiplied by the Universal length. The conventional wavelength frequency forumla to calculated the speed of light is: <br />
<br />
c = f * &lambda; &nbsp;&nbsp; however, angular frequency (&omega;) will be used instead of frequency.<br />
<br />
C<sub>U</sub> = &omega; * (CSC(45) * &lambda;<sub>H</sub>)<br />
<br />
C<sub>U</sub> = 6.2831 (10<sup>6</sup>) * (1.4142 * 1) = 8885765.876 L<sub>U</sub> per T<sub>U</sub>.<br />
<br />
== Convergence ==<br />
<br />
In mathematics, convergence describes limiting behaviour, particularly of an infinite sequence or series toward some limit. In this case mathematical convergence is the result of two values having been defined using a common length, or in this case a wavelength. At the defining angle of 45 degrees, the frequency of the precession emission of neutral hydrogen (H) has the same numeric value as the Univeral light speed value, differing only in the unit designators.<br />
<br />
The frequency of the neutral hydrogen emission has the value of 8.885765876 (10<sup>6</sup>) cycles per T<sub>U</sub>. The value can be calculated to the same near unlimited precision as that of Universal light speed.<br />
<br />
== Divergence ==<br />
<br />
The SI defined value for the speed of light is 299792458 ms<sup>-1</sup>.<br />
<br />
The H emission frequency using SI units is approximately 1420.4060 (10<sup>6</sup>)Hz or cycles per second.<br />
<br />
The values are divergent, indicating they were not mutually defined.<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<br />
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_light Speed of light]<br />
<br />
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength Wavelength]<br />
<br />
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency Frequency]</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=Universal_time&diff=623
Universal time
2009-01-21T11:02:41Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Universal time''' is mathematically derived using the methodology described in [[Scientific units]]. The time unit has an absolute value of '''1''' when defined at the cosecant of 45 degrees. The time unit duration is a function of the cosecant of the angle. <br />
<br />
The Earth second, as defined by SI, is approximately 1.5986183 longer than the universal time unit.<br />
<br />
The Universal time unit satisfies the scientific requirement that it be universal, permanent and invariant in time. Being mathematically derived it is not based upon an astronomical defined time duration or technological limitations of assigning hyperfine transition counts.<br />
<br />
<br />
== See related ==<br />
<br />
[[Mars Metrology]]</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=Upcoming_Events&diff=625
Upcoming Events
2009-01-21T11:02:41Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>#redirect [[Mars Events]]</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=VASIMR&diff=627
VASIMR
2009-01-21T11:02:41Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>{{stub}}<br />
<br />
==Intro==<br />
VASIMR stand for Variable-Specific-Impulse Magnetoplasmadynamic Rocket. It is a type of electric propulsion that is efficient over a large range of specific impulses. This allows specific impulse to be exchanged for thrust. It is a marginal improvement over ion engines or Hall thrusters in terms of thrust for any given power level but will allow much faster transit times once much higher power levels are implemented. The VASIMR is very important in this respect because it is deemed much more scalable to these higher power levels than are most other types of electric propulsion. In the above respects, the VASIMR is qualitatively similar to the [[Pulsed Inductive Thruster (PIT)]] from a standpoint of most promising future technologies in electric propulsion.<br />
<br />
Currently the only company working on the VASIMR is the [http://www.adastrarocket.com Ad Astra Rocket Company], owned and run by its inventor. From the web site:<br />
<br />
"Dr. Franklin R. Chang Díaz serves as company President and CEO. Dr. Chang Díaz invented the VASIMR concept and has been working on its development since 1979, starting at The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory in Cambridge Massachusetts and continuing at the MIT Plasma Fusion Center before moving the project to the Johnson Space Center in 1994."<br />
<br />
The company has produced a 50 kW engine which it has retired and a 100 kW engine which it is now using for materials testing for its future 200 kW engines.<br />
<br />
==New Mars Discussions==<br />
==News Articles==<br />
[[http://www.space.com/businesstechnology/technology/vasimr_rocket_020807-1.html Space.com]]<br />
==External Links==<br />
[[http://www.nasatech.com/Briefs/Sep01/MSC23041.html Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Texas]]<br><br />
[[http://www.nasa.gov/vision/space/travelinginspace/future_propulsion.html NASA]] Propulsion Systems of the Future<br><br />
[[http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/V/VASIMR.html The Encyclopedia of Astrobiology]] VASIMR (Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket)<br><br />
[http://www.astronautix.com Encyclopedia Astronautica]<br />
==Papers==<br />
[[http://peaches.ph.utexas.edu/ifs/ifsreports/977_Arefiev.pdf Theoretical components<br />
of the VASIMR plasma propulsion concept]] Alexey V. Arefiev and Boris N. Breizman<br />
Institute for Fusion Studies, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=VSE&diff=629
VSE
2009-01-21T11:02:41Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Vision for Space Exploration'''<br />
<br />
* [http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/exploration/main/index.html Homepage]</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=Vector&diff=631
Vector
2009-01-21T11:02:41Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>A vector is a quanity that has magnitude and direction. It is usally drawn as an arrow. Velocity is an example of a vector quantiy while speed is an example of a scaler quantity.<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
<br />
Deffinition of a vector at [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Vector.html mathworld]</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=Viking&diff=633
Viking
2009-01-21T11:02:41Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>The Viking Program produced two NASA space probe missions to the planet Mars, Viking I and Viking II. Each probe consisted of an orbiter and lander.<br />
<br />
The Viking I mission launched August 20, 1975 and arrived June 19, 1976. Viking I released its lander, which landed on the martian surface at Chryse Planitia on July 20, 1976. The Viking I Orbiter was powered down by NASA on August 17, 1980. The Viking I lander, powered by a [[radioisotope thermoelectric generator]], continued transmitting until contact was lost on November 13, 1982.<br />
<br />
The Viking II mission (nearly identical to Viking I) launched on September 9, 1975 and arrived August 7, 1976. The Viking II lander was released and touched down at Utopia Planitia on September 3, 1976. The Viking II orbiter was powered down by NASA on July 25, 1978. The Viking II lander continued transmitting until contact was lost on April 11, 1980.<br />
<br />
Each Viking orbiter obtained high resolution photographs of the martian surface, and each lander was equipped to obtain high resolution photographs, spectroscopic and meteorological data. Additionally, each lander was equipped with a sample arm to retrieve [[soil]] samples for testing by three experimental packages:<br />
<br />
[[Viking Labeled Release life experiment]]<br />
[[Viking Gas Exchange life experiment]]<br />
[[Viking Pyrolytic Release life experiment]]<br />
<br />
The Labeled Release experiment produced an initial positive for all soil samples for both landers. The Gas Exchange and Pyrolytic Release experiments produced negative results. This discrepancy was officially explained as due to the presence of a chemically reactive agent in the martian soil rather than the presence of living [[microorganisms]]. However, substantiated challenges to the Gas Exchange experiment results based on its limited sensitivity have left open the possibility that the Viking landers detected extant life on Mars.<br />
<br />
== New Mars Forum Discussions ==<br />
* [http://www.newmars.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=2858 Viking Labeled Release - The evidence is there]<br />
<br />
==Online Textbooks==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4212/on-mars.html "On Mars: Exploration of the Red Planet 1958-1978"] <br />
<br />
<br />
== External Links ==<br />
*[http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/viking.html NASA Viking Mission Link]<br />
<br />
*[http://mars.spherix.com/ Spherix Mars Research Page]<br />
<br />
*[http://www.astronautix.com Encyclopedia Astronautica]<br />
<br />
{{category:Space Probes}}</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=Viking_Labeled_Release_life_experiment&diff=635
Viking Labeled Release life experiment
2009-01-21T11:02:41Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>Although the [[Viking]] Labeled Release life detection experiment that was part of Viking's science payload officially didn't find evidence of life, in 1997, Biospherics' President and CEO,<br />
Dr. Gilbert V. Levin, announced his new conclusion that his experiment found living [[microorganism]]s in the [[soil]] of Mars. Dr. Levin is convinced that the only possibility fitting all the relevant data is that microbial life exists in the top layer of the Martian surface.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[http://mars.spherix.com/ Spherics]</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=Water&diff=637
Water
2009-01-21T11:02:41Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>Water (H<sub>2</sub>O) is a material which can be obtained via [[ISRU|in situ resource utilization]] on [[Mars]]. It is a trace component of the [[Martian atmosphere]], and appears relatively abundant as ice in the Martian polar regions. Hydrates and subsurface water deposits also occur over substantial portions of the planet. Liquid water is vital to living organisms, and water vapor is a waste product of the respiration processes of living organisms.<br />
<br />
Plants require liquid water for life support, as well as some minimum humidity level to regulate their metabolic processes. Clean water is important for the crew, both for drinking and sanitation. <br />
<br />
Water vapor can be used to quench less energetic reactions, or as a reducing agent for energetic reactions such as the water-gas shift. Ice can be used as a building material at [[Requirements for living in low temperature|Martian surface temperatures]]. Liquid water is especially versatile. It can be [[Water electrolysis|electrolyzed]] to produce [[oxygen]] and [[hydrogen]]. [[Carbon dioxide]] can be added to liquid water to form carbonic acid, which can be reacted with hydroxides to form carbonates. Soluble salts can be added to water to form an excellent coolant. The most important application of liquid water is as a solvent, particularly for use by living organisms. As such, it is useful for everything from bathing to [[soil|soil reclamation]]. Liquid water is also readily [[recycling|recycled]].<br />
<br />
* See Also: [[Water on Mars]]<br />
<br />
==Storage of Water==<br />
<br />
Large amounts of water are best stored as liquid water or ice, depending on the temperature. Given a source of heat, liquid water is readily produced on demand from ice. A purification system must be provided for potable water, including a source of [[iodine]] or a similar disinfectant. Water stored for other uses need not be disinfected, and water containing undrinkable levels of solutes (grey water) can still be stored for later use in other applications.<br />
<br />
Simple cooling to Martian surface temperatures is sufficient to solidify water at any pressure. The thermal expansion of water during freezing is significant (up to 10% during the liquid/solid transition alone), and this should be considered in designing storage. <br />
<br />
==Water Purification ==<br />
<br />
Although liquid water will store for short periods laden with high solute concentrations, liquid water is preferably purified for long term storage. <br />
<br />
For small amounts of water under cabin conditions, filtration or distillation can be used for purification. Re-usable small pore filters exist to remove coarse particulates from water, and porous ceramics can be used for smaller particulates if necessary. Solutes can also be removed from liquid water by use of reverse osmosis filters, which operate under pressure. Filtration alone cannot remove some volatile solutes, however, and chemical reagents may be required. Distillation and fractionation will remove all non-volatile solutes from water, and is relatively simple to accomplish by boiling at Martian atmospheric pressure. More complex fractionation can be used to further remove volatile components such as ammonia. These methods can be used on small scales to reclaim water for the cabin life support system.<br />
<br />
The addition of a disinfectant such as iodine can prevent bacteria growth during long term storage and keep water safe for drinking.<br />
<br />
Larger quantities of water can be pre-treated prior to purification by bioremediation, chemical remediation, or by slow freezing. <br />
<br />
Bioremediation is the use of living organisms to break down or absorb contaminants. Plants and soil bacteria are able, over time, to eliminate or sequester solutes that other methods of treatment cannot remove, such as unfilterable ions and volatiles.<br />
<br />
During the freezing of water, its molecules are rearranged into a crystalline structure. For slow freezing processes, the crystalline structure of water will preferentially exclude solutes, including volatiles. The solutes are slowly concentrated in the unfrozen portion of the solution. The process can be repeated by draining the unfrozen concentrate, then melting and refreezing the frozen portion, or by storing it and later using smaller scale filtration and distillation techniques to further treat the ice. Thus, thousands of liters of water can be purified by simply leaving the tank outdoors overnight.<br />
<br />
{{MainArticle|[[Water purification]]}}<br />
<br />
==Physical Properties==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
| '''Water'''<br />
|-<br />
| Mean Molecular Weight || 18 g/mol<br />
|-<br />
| Melting Point || 0 <sup>o</sup>C<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==New Mars Forum Discussions==<br />
<br />
*[http://newmars.com/forums/viewforum.php?f=25&sid=745f68c6dcafc559e79124110110fcf2 New Mars Forum Topic: Water On Mars]<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
<br />
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water Wikipedia Article: Water]<br />
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_%28molecule%29 Wikipedia Article: Water (Molecule)]<br />
*[http://www.iapws.org/ International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam] (IAPWS)<br />
<br />
[[Category:Life Support Systems]]<br />
[[Category:Science]]</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=Water_electrolysis&diff=639
Water electrolysis
2009-01-21T11:02:41Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>Process by which water is broken down into [[hydrogen]] and [[oxygen]] in the presence of a direct electric current and an electrolyte (cheap Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> for example).<br />
<br />
<math>2H_2 0 \to 2H_2 + O_2</math><br />
<br />
Hydrogen is created at the cathode, and oxygen at the anode.<br />
<br />
The reaction usually takes place at room conditions, but there is also high-temperature electrolysis (100 to 850 °C) which has a higher efficiency.<br />
<br />
==Power Requirements==<br />
<br />
Electrolysis of water requires a relatively low voltage if a sufficiently strong electrolyte is used. The electrode potential of the H2+O2 reaction that takes place in fuel cells is 1.23V (assuming platinum electrodes). So, to electrolyze water, one must supply at least this much potential to prevent the liberated atoms from recombining, plus an additional 0.47V to overcome the binding energy of the water molecules. This is 1.70V. Electrical resistance makes it worthwhile to increase this voltage to between 2V and 6V, but simply increasing the applied voltage beyond this point doesn't produce better performance unless the total power (wattage) is increased as well. It is ultimately amperage which determines the performance of an electrolysis cell. <br />
<br />
A parallel array of electrolysis cells operating at 100 A/m<sup>2</sup> can release 0.000026 mol/s-m<sup>2</sup> (0.0083 g/s-m<sup>2</sup>) of oxygen. Its output increases roughly linearly with amperage (and thus with wattage, P=VI). <br />
<br />
At this rate, the 1.1 kg/day required by a human being requires a 1 m<sup>2</sup> electrolysis array to operate with at least 100A (>170 W) for at least 36 hours. This rate can be increased by increasing the amperage and surface area. However, it still requires the same amount of energy: 22 MJ. Assuming 30% power loss due to resistance raises the required voltage to just over 2.2V and raises the daily energy requirement to 28 MJ. In a pure electrolysis system with 70% efficiency, this is the minimum energy that the power plant must produce per person every day for the crew to breathe oxygen produced on demand from water. <br />
<br />
[[Category:Science]]<br />
[[Category:Life Support Systems]]</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=Water_on_Mars&diff=641
Water on Mars
2009-01-21T11:02:41Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>{{stub}}<br />
[[Image:Water-fraction.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Map of water on Mars.]]<br />
[[Image:Water ice in crater at Martian north pole.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Water ice in crater at Martian north pole]]<br />
[[Image:Water-phase.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Graph of temperatures and pressures required to vaporize water.]]<br />
<br />
There is a significant quantity of [[water]] on Mars, especially at the poles.<br />
Most of the water on the planet appears to be embedded in the soil or below its surface, on most of planet's surface. However, ESA's Mars Express spacecraft had found a patch of water ice sitting on the floor of an unnamed crater near the Martian north pole.<br />
<br />
== Extraction ==<br />
<br />
For relatively small amounts, surface ice may be brought into a heated [[habitat]]ion to melt. For larger amounts, a temporary habitat may be constructed to raise ambient temperature and pressure slightly so that the water in the [[soil]] becomes a gas which can then be collected and condensed.<br />
<br />
== New Mars forum threads ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.newmars.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=3667 Ice Within Craters]</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=Weitian_Calendar&diff=643
Weitian Calendar
2009-01-21T11:02:41Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>{{IdeabyJumpboy11j}}<br />
<br />
The Weitian Calender is a proposed calendar to account for the differences between a year and a [[mir]], a day and a [[sol]], and the fact that it makes little sense to begin the [[martian calendar]] with the birth of Christ, as done on earth (that doesn't make much sense here either, but it's too late to change it). The 0 date for the Weitian Calendar is the martian Perihelion directly preceeding the 1976 [[Viking Probes]]. That is 6/13/1975, at 12:00 midnight. <br />
<br />
==Clocks==<br />
In this system there are 25 mHours in a sol. In regular hours, there are about 24 hours and 40 minutes in a sol. There are 60 mMinutes in an hour. There are 60 mSeconds in a minute. Each second is about 98.5% of an earth second. This system works well because there is no need to have the clocks 'stop' at an given time, as in some other systems.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Year==<br />
Each Mir is 669 sols long. Although there are 668.5907 sols/mir, this rounds up, and so there are 669 sols/mir. <br />
<br />
==Periods==<br />
<br />
Each mir is split into 3 periods, each having 220 sols. The extra 9 sols are split up as such: 2 sols between Period 1 and Period 2, 2 sols between Period 2 and Period 3, and 5 sols between period 3 and period 1. The sols in between periods are made to be a sort of holiday, and so there are nearly twice as many around new years. <br />
[http://www.newmars.com/wiki/images/3/3e/C-%5CDocuments_and_Settings%5CJosh%5CMy_Documents%5CMy_Pictures%5Cweitian_1.jpg Pic]<br />
<br />
==Weeks==<br />
<br />
Each week has 10 days. The names of the days of the week are Faier, Dinakara, Solis, Lewone, Candra, Luna, Mes-Les, Dina, Dies,and Marte. The first three mean Sun, the fourth to sixth mean Moon, the seventh to ninth mean Day, and the last one is [[Mars]] in spanish. The 4 languages used are: 1, 4, and 7- Yiddish. 2, 5, and 8- Sanskrit. 3, 6, and 9- Latin. Finally, as already stated, the last one is spanish.<br />
<br />
==Months==<br />
<br />
There are 3 weeks in every month. There are 7 months in a period. The one week per period that's left is put at the beginning of the month. The First month in the period always means Red. The second month always means orange. The third means yellow. The fourth means black. The fifth, white. The sixth, purple, and the seventh, pink.<br />
<br />
<br />
Months in period 1:<br />
*1. Rutilus<br />
*2. Ignis<br />
*3. Crocius<br />
*4. Atra<br />
*5. Niveus<br />
*6. Blatta<br />
*7. Palus<br />
-all of the months in period 1 are in latin.<br />
<br />
Months in period 2:<br />
*1. Rakta<br />
*2. Piccila<br />
*3. Piita<br />
*4. Asita<br />
*5. Zuci<br />
*6. Dhuumala<br />
*7. Paatala<br />
-all of the months in period 2 are in sanskrit.<br />
<br />
Months in period 3:<br />
*1. Roit<br />
*2. Oransch<br />
*3. Gel<br />
*4. Schwartz<br />
*5. Weis<br />
*6. Lila<br />
*7. Rozewe<br />
-All of the months in Period 3 are in Yiddish.<br />
<br />
==Leap years==<br />
<br />
Because every year is .493 days loger than it should be, there are a number of leap year tactics used to counteract this.<br />
<br />
*Every 5 years, 3 days are removed from the time between period three and period one.<br />
*Every 20 leap years, or every 100 years, only two days are subtracted from the intermediate period.<br />
*Every 200 leap years, or every thousand years, only 1 day is removed from the intermediate period.<br />
*Every 800 leap years, or every 4,000 years, a leap year is skipped.<br />
*Every 4,000 leap years, or every 20,000 years, one day is removed from the intermediate period.<br />
<br />
These tactics keep the calendar accurate to over 100,000 years.<br />
<br />
==Written out==<br />
<br />
As there are different types of divisions when comparing this calendar to earth's current calendar, the date and time can be written differently.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Time===<br />
<br />
The time is written in the same way it would be written in Europe. That is to say, if it were the 3rd second of the 15th minute of the 22nd hour, it would look like this:<br />
<br />
22:15:03<br />
<br />
===Date===<br />
<nowiki><br />
The Date is written in the <br />
YYYY-(P)MM/D<br />
format. P is Period, dd is date, mm is month, and yyyy is year. However, if you are going to write it out, for example, in our calendar, 4 December 2007, the format is the same, or dd,mm,yyyy. You do no include the period because you are writing out the month fully. <br />
<br />
Examples: The shorthand for the the 11th of the month Ignus, in the 10th martian year, would be <br />
(1)11=2}10<br />
<br />
<br />
The formal way to write it: <br />
11, Ignus, 10<br />
<br />
</nowiki><br />
<br />
====Intermediate Period====<br />
<br />
The intermediate periods are not meant to have dates, but if it is absoloutly necessary, it is written Intermediate #-DD. So the 2nd day of the first intermediate period would be Intermediate 1-2.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Martian Timekeeping]]</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=Welcome_to_the_New_Mars_Wiki.&diff=645
Welcome to the New Mars Wiki.
2009-01-21T11:02:41Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>#redirect [[Main Page]]</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=WikiUsage:Adding_content&diff=647
WikiUsage:Adding content
2009-01-21T11:02:41Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>== This is a beginners tutorial/manual. ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
First of all: don't be afraid to do something wrong!<br />
<br />
I know from personal experience wiki's can give you the feeling that entering new stuff is harder than doing so on a 'regular' messageboard, but no worries, it's pretty painless, and best of all: if you really mess things up, there's a 'step back' function to undo any errors. Even if YOU do not know how to do this, other people do, and they will rectify problems for you. So no worries!<br />
<br />
There are different ways to enter new content, comments, corrections in a Wiki, and we're trying to make it as easy for you as possible.<br />
<br />
===Adding stuff to existing pages===<br />
<br />
This is the most straightforward way to start out, so I suggest you try this when you're new to wikis.<br />
<br />
:<br />
:Step one: <br />
go to the page you want to add some stuff to and click the "edit this page" tab at the top of that page. You will now see the page, complete with confusing weird characters, like "[" etc. but don't worry, just type away. There's a preview button to look how things errr... look, but I suggest to just type away, and don't worry about the looks. If it really looks wrong, other people will beautify it, no worries.<br />
:<br />
:Step two:<br />
Click the 'save page' button at the bottom. Congratulations! You just added some content!<br />
:<br />
:Step three:<br />
Repeat, and if you feel inclined to learn some more about how all those fancy titles and so on are made, just take a hard look at the weird characters in the texts. It really isn't that hard, and you'll soon find yourself editing and beautifying other people's entries. That is how wikis work.<br />
<br />
===Starting a new subject from scratch===<br />
<br />
See the adress bar? It now says "http://www.newmars.com/wiki/index.php/Wikipedia:Adding_content"<br />
<br />
If you want to make an entry called, say "Flowers on Mars," you just delete the "Wikipedia:Adding_content" part and replace it with "Flowers_on_Mars", and keep in mind that spaces are replaced with "_" (underline) then press enter.<br />
You now get a new, empty page that you can do your magic in. <br />
You might notice that, once you're editing a page, the adressbar displays things a bit differently, the "php/yaddayaddayadda" part will be "php?title=yaddayaddayadda". That's normal, so don't worry.<br />
<br />
As long as you make the address end to "php/" and then your subject, you're O.K. <br />
<br />
So: try to go to the topic "Flowers on Mars"<br />
<br />
[[Category:Wiki Usage]]</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=WikiUsage:Edit_Guidelines_%26_FAQ&diff=649
WikiUsage:Edit Guidelines & FAQ
2009-01-21T11:02:41Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>Two things need to be said before everything else:<br />
* Don't get scared to contribute. If you think you have some valuable information to share, just do it.<br />
* If you never edited/created an article before, please read [[WikiUsage:Adding content]] before this page. (A beginners tutorial/manual).<br />
<br />
Here are some guidelines and frequently asked questions (which you never asked!) about editing an article on NewMars Wiki.<br />
<br />
<br />
== General guidelines ==<br />
=== Article names ===<br />
Always create article names from full title, not from abbreviations. Create a [[#How to make a redirect|redirect]] from that abbreviation to the full name. <br /><br />
Example:<br />
* ''Low Earth Orbit'' - correct<br />
* ''LEO'' - redirect to ''Low Earth Orbit''<br />
* ''Low Earth Orbit (LEO)'' - incorrect, includes both full name and abbreviation<br />
<br />
<br />
== Templates ==<br />
Main article:[[List of Templates]]<br />
<br />
'''''Note''''': Take care of upper/lower cases of characters in template names (with the exception of the first char). For example, <code><nowiki>{{InUse}}</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>{{iNuSe}}</nowiki></code> are '''not''' the same.<br />
<br />
<br />
=== The <code>InUse</code> template ===<br />
<code><nowiki>{{InUse}}</nowiki></code>: Add this template at the very beggining of the page when you are doing major edits. Save the page only with the tag, then continue edit. Don't forget to delete it before the final update of the page.<br />
<br />
<br />
=== The <code>MainArticle</code> template ===<br />
<code><nowiki>{{MainArticle}}</nowiki></code>: This is a useful template to point out at the end of a paragraph that there is a full article about that subject. For some examples, see [[Mars]]. <br /><br />
How to use it: <code><nowiki>{{MainArticle|[[</nowiki></code>''Link_to_main_article_here''<code><nowiki>]]}}</nowiki></code>.<br />
<br />
<br />
=== The <code>Research</code> template ===<br />
<code><nowiki>{{Research}}</nowiki></code>: Use this template when some of the information in the article (or all of it) contains research in progress or controversial conclusions of research.<br /><br />
It is meant to be placed at the end of the article, together with a note inside the body text, at the point where such research or matters in dispute appear. Usually to be used by the original editors themselves.<br />
<br />
<br />
=== The <code>Stub</code> template ===<br />
<code><nowiki>{{Stub}}</nowiki></code>: Articles in this category are not complete. A proper stub should contain enough text to at least describe it's title. Place this tag at the beginning of an stub.<br /><br />
Articles with this tag will get listed in the category [[:Category:Stubs|Stubs]].<br />
<br />
<br />
=== The <code>Unreferenced</code> template ===<br />
<code><nowiki>{{Unreferenced}}</nowiki></code>: Place this at the end of an article that doesn't have enough (or any at all) references or sources cited. It your reason to do so it's not obvious, describe it in the article's talk page.<br />
<br />
<br />
=== The <code>Untested</code> template ===<br />
<code><nowiki>{{Untested}}</nowiki></code>: The scope of this tag is to make a clear distinction between tested and proven technologies and methodology, and untested ones (or even purely fictional). Place it at the end of the article, and write in the talk page why you did so.<br />
<br />
<br />
==FAQ==<br />
<br />
=== How to make a redirect ===<br />
If you want to redirect to another page, write:<br />
<code><nowiki>#REDIRECT</nowiki> ''articlename''</code><br />
<br />
<br />
=== How to sign with your name ===<br />
Use four tildas to sign (but use this only on Talk pages).<br /><br />
<code><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code> creates: [[User:Maxie|maxie]] 30 January 2006 04:40 (EST)<br />
<br />
[[Category:Wiki Usage]]</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=WikiUsage:Go_button&diff=651
WikiUsage:Go button
2009-01-21T11:02:41Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Go button''' appears on all Wikipedia pages in the standard skin, next to the [[Wikipedia:Searching|search]] button. The function of the go button is to display an article directly, instead of first having to select it from the search result page. In other words, it allows a user to quickly navigate from page to page without following links.<br />
<br />
To view a page, just enter its name and click "Go". The Go button is more complex than it looks. It works as follows:<br />
<br />
# Try to view the page exactly as it is entered, e.g. [[Quantum Leap]] takes the user to the television science fiction series, while [[Quantum leap]] takes the user to the phenomenon. If there is no match, continue.<br />
# Try all lower case (with the first letter capitalized), e.g. if the user types "QUANTUM LEAP", the exact case match would fail, and [[Quantum leap]] would be displayed. If there is no match, continue.<br />
# Try the capitalized version, e.g. "noam chomsky" becomes "Noam Chomsky". If there is no match, continue.<br />
# Try the all upper case version, e.g. "nasa" becomes "NASA". If there is no match, continue.<br />
# Try a case insensitive title search that also matches partial page titles, e.g. "Yar" would match "Tasha Yar". If there are several matches, priority is as follows: 1) articles, 2) article talk pages, 3) user pages, 4) user talk pages, 5) wikipedia pages, 6) wikipedia talk pages, 7) image pages, 8) image talk pages. That is, for example, if both a talk page with the title and a normal page exist, the normal page is viewed. If there is no match, continue.<br />
#*Stopwords are ignored in this title search.<br />
#*Prefixes like "User:" and "Wikipedia:" are currently treated as words in the title search, but not in the previous matching routines, where they are treated as proper namespace prefixes.<br />
# Try a full text search for the entered words and display the search result page as it would be shown if the user clicked the "Search" button.<br />
<br />
If the user uses the Go button wisely, it will allow the user to quickly jump to his/her most frequently used pages. It is also a good idea to use it for unambiguous searches -- if a direct match fails, it will always fall back to the normal search anyway, and if it succeeds, the user is immediately taken where the user wants to go. In general, the go button generates little server load, and therefore usually remains functional even if the fulltext search is deactivated for performance reasons.<br />
<br />
==Alternative==<br />
<br />
If the user just wants the first step mentioned above to be carried out, do not use the Go button, but put the URL in the address bar, e.g. http:// [language] .wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_Leap , replacing [language] with the code for that Wikipedia (eg EN, DE).<br />
<br />
[[Category: Wiki Usage]]</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=%22Centre_for_Development_Studies%22&diff=653
"Centre for Development Studies"
2009-01-21T11:02:41Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>The Centre for Development Studies (CDS) is an autonomous research institute. Its main objective is to promote research, teaching and training in disciplines relevant to development. Established in 1971 by the noted economist Professor K.N.Raj, it is considered to be one of the foremost development economics research centers in the country.<br />
<br />
It has a faculty of about 26. The core activities of the CDS are research, teaching and training.<br />
<br />
Research at CDS is organized into six distinct themes:<br />
<br />
· agriculture and natural resources,<br />
<br />
· gender, migration, population,<br />
<br />
· health and education,<br />
<br />
· poverty, vulnerability and social security,<br />
<br />
· industry,<br />
<br />
· trade and technology.<br />
<br />
There is a seventh cross cutting theme, analysing the impact of globalisation on each of the six themes.<br />
<br />
CDS has two teaching programmes:<br />
<br />
· a two year MPhil Programme in Applied Economics and<br />
<br />
· a four year PhD Programme in Economics.<br />
<br />
Both programmes are affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. The University of Kerala also has recognized CDS as a center for its doctoral studies. Further, it also has a number of short duration training programmes.<br />
<br />
CDS located in a quiet residential area in the northwest part of the City of Trivandrum. The 10 acre campus, designed and constructed by the famous architect, Dr Laurie Baker, epitomizes his unique style and philosophy of adaptive building methods. The CDS Library is now one of the biggest in South India with over 1,25, 000 titles in Economics and allied disciplines and subscribing to about 400 professional journals.The library is in the process of being automated.<br />
<br />
CDS draws financial support from the Government of Kerala and the Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR). The Reserve Bank of India and the Indian Planning Commission have instituted endowment units for research in selected areas at CDS. The Union Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs has established a migration unit at CDS to study issues relating to international migration from India.<br />
<br />
The governance of CDS rests with the Governing Body consisting of academicians from across India. It follows a unique style of decentralisation in governance through various bodies assisting the Director in the management.<br />
<br />
The present chairman of the Governing Body is Professor N.R. Madhava Menon. The current Director is Professor K. Narayanan Nair.</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=Thermal_conductivity&diff=605
Thermal conductivity
2009-01-21T11:02:40Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>==Intro==<br />
The law of [[cooling]] says that that rate of cooling is [[proportional]] to the [[temperature difference]].<br />
<br />
<math>{dT \over dt}=k({T_2 \over T_1})</math><br />
<br />
This law assumes a constant heat capacity of materials which is true for a material over a small enough temperature range that is not on a phase boundary. The law is a consequence that the [[heat flow]] (watts/m^2) is also proportional to the temperature difference:<br />
<br />
<math>Q=(J/L) \Delta T</math><br />
<br />
or in terms of differential quantities:<br />
<br />
<math>Q=J {dT \over dL}</math><br />
<br />
Where<br><br />
Q is the heat flow (e.g units watts per meater squared)<br><br />
J is the thermal conductivity<br><br />
L is the length<br><br />
T is the temperature <br><br />
DT/dL is the change in temperature with respect to length<br><br />
<br />
==Related Properties==<br />
The thermal conductivity can be used to determine the aggregate heat flow properties thermal conductance, <math>{J A \over L}</math> or it’s reciprocal thermal resistance.<br />
<br />
It should be noted that the terms thermal conductance and thermal resistance, which refer to the total resistance to heat flow, are rather confusing names when compared to the names electric conductance and electric resistance. They are called by the same names not because they are the same thing but rather because they are mathematically analogous. Like electrical resistances, thermal resistances in series are additive. Thus, if you have three layers of material with thermal resistances R<sub>1</sub>, R<sub>2</sub> and R<sub>3</sub>, then when piled on top of each other their total thermal resistance is:<br />
<br />
R<sub>total</sub> = R<sub>1</sub> + R<sub>2</sub> + R<sub>3</sub> + ...<br />
<br />
which is exactly the same equation you would use to describe adding resistances to an electric circuit.<br />
<br />
==External Links and references==<br />
*[http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/tables/thrcn.html Table of thermal conductivity for selected materials]<br><br />
*[http://www.mininglife.com/Miner/general/thermalconductivity.htm A better table of the thermal conductivity of materials] (even includes mylar which is a material often used in greenhouses.<br><br />
*Thermal conductivity from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_conductivity Wikipedia]<br><br />
<br />
{{MainArticle|[[Heat transfer|Heat Transfer]]}}</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=Thermite_thermal_propulsion&diff=607
Thermite thermal propulsion
2009-01-21T11:02:40Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>{{IdeabyJumpboy11j}}<br />
<br />
Thermite Thermal Propulsion (TTP) is a form of propulsion similar to nuclear thermal. However, instead of using a nuclear generator to supply heat, the thermite reaction is used. The Thermite reaction is as follows:<br />
<code>'''3'''Fe3O2+'''2'''Al=>'''3'''Fe+'''2'''Al2O3</code><br />
The thermite reaction needs temperatures of 600 deg. C to start, and puts out over 2500 deg C. <br />
<br />
This is beneficial on mars because it is covered in rust, and there is a large amount of aluminum as well. <br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
[http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/thermite]</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=Thermodynamic_cycle&diff=609
Thermodynamic cycle
2009-01-21T11:02:40Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>==Intro==<br />
A thermodynamic cycle refers to how a system can go though a number of changes and return to the same state. They are used as a means to transfer heat energy into work. Some common thermodynamic cycles are the [[Carnot Cycle]], the [[Auto Cycle]], the [[Diesel Cycle]], the [[Sterling Cycle]], the [[Rankine Cycle]] and the [[refrigeration cycle]].<br />
<br />
==Carnot and Rankine Cycle==<br />
The [[Carnot Cycle]] is the theoretical limit as to what is possible in terms of converting a temperature difference into electricity, but it is unrealizable since it requires an infinite amount of time to extrate a finite amount of power over a finite area. Every steam plant tries to closely approximate the Carnot Cycle, but balance other considerations like power production. After considering the tradeoffs, the actual thermodynamic cycle more closely represents the Ranking cycle. <br />
<br />
==The Sterling Cycle==<br />
Modern [[steam plants]] and the associated turbines cannot easily be built on a small scale while maintaining performance in terms of efficiency cost and power production. A cheaper alternative for small scale power production is the sterling cycle. The sterling cycle is one of the first types of heat engines and the preferred method of converting solar power to electricity for [[dish shaped solar thermal power]].<br />
<br />
==Turbines ==<br />
Large scale generates are generally powered by [[turbines]]. Turbines are usually characterized by high efficiency yet a lower ratio of power output per mass. They can be found on airplanes but are rarely found in automobiles. A compromise between the piston and turbine is the quasi turbine. <br />
<br />
==Working Fluids==<br />
In a thermodynamic cycle used to produce power the turbine converts a pressure difference into mechanical energy, which is converted into electrical energy via a generator. The pressure difference can be created by obstructing a fluid flow as is the case in a [[wind turbine]] or by generated by pumps moving the liquid from the low potential sized of the [[condenser]] to a high pressure side.<br />
==Energy Losses and Gains in a Rankine Cycle==<br />
Although energy is lost by the pumps when fluid from a low pressure size (In the condenser) is pumped to he high pressure sized (storage tank) there is still an overall gain in energy in the rankine cycle because for incompressible flow the work done on a fluid is equal to the pressure multiplied by the change in volume. <br />
<math>W=P dV</math><br />
Sine the heat source expands the fluid before in passes through the turbine the total volume of fluid that passes though the turbine is greater then the total fluid that passes though the pumps. Since the pressure difference across the turbine is approximately the same as the pressure difference across the pumps and the volume flow across the turbine is greater then at the pumps there is more energy produced by the turbine then is expended across the pumps.<br />
<br />
==Types of Working Fluids==<br />
On earth water/steam is typically used as the working fluid for power generation. For refrigeration general fluids are used that expand significantly with temperature (e.g. Freon). For heat transfer generally liquids are used because of they have a higher [[specific heat|heat capacity]] than [[gases]]. And in some cases like [[CNC machining]] a coolant is used that does not undergo a thermodynamic cycle. <br />
<br />
The working fluids used on [[Earth]] may not be appropriate for [[Mars]] or other space applications. For instance in nuclear power generations metal cooled reactors can achieve a much higher power to weight ratio then water cooled reactors or even reactors cooled by reffergerents as in the case of [[JIMO]]. Thus metal cooled reactors would offer higher performance for [[interplanetary propulsion systems]].<br />
<br />
For power production it may not be desirable to use [[water on Mars]] because on Mars although [[water]] exists in many places, including the bottom of craters, the polar ice caps and deep under ground it is far less plentiful then on earth. Also because of the low temperatures there could be issues with the water freezing. An alternative working fluid is [[carbon dioxide]] ([[carbon dioxide as a working fluid]]). Carbon dioxide is plentiful on mars and the main constituent of the Martian atmosphere.<br />
<br />
==New Mars Discussions==<br />
<br />
*[http://newmars.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=3470 Piston vs. Turbine vs. Jet for Ground Transportation]<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Energy Sources]]</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=Thermodynamics_of_the_greenhouse&diff=611
Thermodynamics of the greenhouse
2009-01-21T11:02:40Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>==Intro==<br />
There are many techniques that can be used to model the heat flow of a Martian greenhouse. The following models will assume a half cylindrilrical greenhouse cut along the axis and with the axis parallel to the ground. <br />
<br />
==Model 1 All Heat Transfer Though the Walls==<br />
<br />
In this model the outside wall of the Martian [[greenhouse]] is the temperature of the martian air, the inside wall is the temperature of the inside of the greenhouse. All heat is transferred through [[thermal conductivity]]. Either the wall thickness is given and the heat loss is computed or the heat loss is given and the wall thickness is given. This model will be valid if the walls of the greenhouse are highly [[reflective]] to infra red light and thick enough so that the temperature of the walls is the same temperature as the [[Martian atmosphere|Martian air]].<br />
<br />
This model is similar to that used to estimate insulation thickness for houses, and can give an estimate for the necessary overall thermal resistance needed to maintain the greenhouse's internal temperature with a given heat input. <br />
<br />
{{MainArticle|[[Model 1 All Greenhouse Heat Transfer Through The Walls ]]}}<br />
<br />
==Model 2 Flow Heat Exchange==<br />
<br />
In this model, the greenhouse is modeled as a heat exchanger in which [[heat transfer]] is conducted by flowing fluids - Martian air outside the greenhouse and greenhouse air inside the greenhouse. <br />
<br />
{{MainArticle|[[Model 2 The Greenhouse as Flow Heat Exchanger]]}}<br />
<br />
==Model 3 Transmission of infra red radiation through the walls==<br />
In this model either the heat dissipation from the outside of the wall is assumed to be black body, condition or a mix of black body and conduction. The heat passing though the walls however will be mix of electromagnetic (e.g. infra red) radiation and thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity as before depends on the temperature difference on the inside and the outside of the wall. The electromagnetic radiation can be taken as the difference between the blackbody radiation from the air at the surface of the outside of the greenhouse coming into the greenhouse plus the blackbody radiation from the air near the inside wall of the greenhouse moving towards the outer wall. The black body radiation will be significant if the conductivity of the walls is low and the walls transmit infra red radiation easily.<br />
<br />
{{MainArticle|[[Model 3 A Radiation Cooled Greenhouse]]}}<br />
<br />
==Model 4 Cooling by wind ==<br />
<br />
Mars is windy. There will be air at the same temperature as the surface of the greenhouse relatively close to the greenhouse. Consider the wind blowing across a greenhouse that is in the shape of a cylinder which is cut in half along the axis and has the axis parallel to the ground. Using a laminar flow approximation the pressure and wind speed of the wind <br />
can be approximated.<br />
<br />
The air that is infinitesimally close to the greenhouse immediately touching the greenhouse does not flow because of viscous friction. The air pressure at the surface on the wind side of the approaching wind can be determined using Baronolies Equation. The air pressure on the other side can be taken as marten ambient pressure, the viscous force across the cylinder can be treated as constant and then the air velocity close to the cylinder can be obtained by using the relationship between viscous force and the change in velocity. <br />
<br />
The inside walls again can be taken as the temperature of the air inside the greenhouse. The temperature on the surface of the outside walls of the greenhouse will be colder on the side of the approaching wind then on the other side. The temperature on each point of the outside wall of the greenhouse can be numerically approximated by a partial differential equation. It will be also important to consider the heat transported by the wind the convection perpendicular and to the air flow. <br />
<br />
{{MainArticle|[[Model 4 A Wind Cooled Greenhouse]]}}<br />
<br />
==New Mars Discussions==<br />
<br />
==Online Textbooks==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.ncees.org/exams/study_materials/fe_handbook/fe_reference_handbook.pdf NCEES Fundamentals of Engineering Examination Supplied Reference Handbook]<br />
<br />
* [http://web.mit.edu/lienhard/www/ahtt.html Lienhard's A Heat Transfer Textbook, 3rd Edition] Free Download - Registration Required<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.marshome.org Mars Homestead Project]<br />
<br />
==And Now Some Pomes==<br />
'''Oaisis in a Desert Red'''<br><br />
<br><br />
In an island of life<br><br />
Surrounded by red<br><br />
Nestled in planters<br><br />
The love of gargners<br><br />
Lies food to be fed<br><br />
For family, husband and wife<br><br />
<br><br />
By what majic do these plants grow<br><br />
Whet keeps then not to hot nor to cold<br><br />
Buy machine and hand I’m told<br><br />
With structure and systems to behold<br><br />
By beauty and radiance of a love that glows<br><br />
<br />
by John Creighton</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=Three_body_patched_trajectories&diff=613
Three body patched trajectories
2009-01-21T11:02:40Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>The most basic orbital mechanics considers the Newtonian interactions between two uniform density bodies traveling though a vacuum under there own inertia. This is known as the two body problem and it is the basis of classical transfer orbits like the [[hohmann trajectory]].<br />
<br />
The three body is mathematically more interesting and contains equilibrium points (Lagrange points), and [[manifolds]]. The three bodies could be for instance, the sun earth and a space craft or earth moon and a space craft. It turns out that spacecrafts can travel along these manifolds with a minimal expenditure of energy. Some have compared these manifolds to highways and attached the word [[interplanetary superhighway]] as the name to the roots that these manifolds create. <br />
==A more general topic==<br />
[[Orbital mechanics]]</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=Thrust&diff=615
Thrust
2009-01-21T11:02:40Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
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<div>Thrust is the push that a rocket motor gives on an object. It is usually measured in pounds. The space shuttle SRB's give about 50,000 lbs of thrust, while Ion engines give as little as .1 pounds.</div>
Josh Cryer
http://wiki.newmars.com/index.php?title=UNOOSA&diff=617
UNOOSA
2009-01-21T11:02:40Z
<p>Josh Cryer: 1 revision</p>
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<div>United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs.<br />
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==External links:==<br />
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[http://www.oosa.unvienna.org/ UNOOSA]<br />
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[[category:Space Agencies]]<br />
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Josh Cryer